structure and function of GI tract Flashcards
GI structures
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
stomach is where what happens
digestion, stomach acid digestion enzymes breaking down food
what happens in the small intestine
reabsorption and digestion
what happens in large intestine
last little bit of absorption & send remaining stuff to rectum for wasting
what happens in large intestine
last little bit of absorption & send remaining stuff to rectum for wasting
what do salivary glands
secrete digestive enzymes, work as a lubricant (help moisten food)
liver produces
bile
bile is stored in
gallbladder
bile is important for
fat digestion
pancreas
excrete digestion enzymes and sodium Picard, helps regulate pH of stomach acid, help regulate blood glucose
GI function
secretion (acid, bicarb, mucus), absorption (water & nutrients), digestion (food into fuel), motility (movement of food and secretions through GI tract)
layers of GI tract
mucosal (inner layer/ goblet cells), submucosal, muscular, serosa
what do goblet cells do
secrete mucus and keeps the gastric acid away from the outer layers of the intestine and stomach, protective layer
middle layers of GI tract
submucosal and muscularis
submucosal and muscularis do what
support the shape of the intestine, contract and squeeze movement for digestion (squeeze food bolus through GI tract)
serosa is what layer
outer layer
the serosa layer does what
prevents friction and damage (so intestine aren’t rubbing together)
GI reflexes
central reflexes; swallowing & vomiting
swallowing reflex involves
25 muscles
the purpose of the swallowing reflex
to protect the body from unwanted irritants
two areas in the brain that can stimulate vomiting
emetic zone and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
emetic zone produces
ejectile vomiting
chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is stimulated by
irritants to the back of the throat, pregnancy, intense pain, strong chemicals, cellular death (chemotherapy)
the nurse knows that a colostomy should produce formed stool because
its location at the end of the GI tract
