structure and function of GI tract

Question 1

GI structures

Answer 1

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 2

stomach is where what happens

Answer 2

digestion, stomach acid digestion enzymes breaking down food

Question 3

what happens in the small intestine

Answer 3

reabsorption and digestion

Question 4

what happens in large intestine

Answer 4

last little bit of absorption & send remaining stuff to rectum for wasting

Question 4

what happens in large intestine

Answer 4

last little bit of absorption & send remaining stuff to rectum for wasting

Question 5

what do salivary glands

Answer 5

secrete digestive enzymes, work as a lubricant (help moisten food)

Question 6

liver produces

Answer 6

bile

Question 7

bile is stored in

Answer 7

gallbladder

Question 8

bile is important for

Answer 8

fat digestion

Question 9

pancreas

Answer 9

excrete digestion enzymes and sodium Picard, helps regulate pH of stomach acid, help regulate blood glucose

Question 10

GI function

Answer 10

secretion (acid, bicarb, mucus), absorption (water & nutrients), digestion (food into fuel), motility (movement of food and secretions through GI tract)

Question 11

layers of GI tract

Answer 11

mucosal (inner layer/ goblet cells), submucosal, muscular, serosa

Question 12

what do goblet cells do

Answer 12

secrete mucus and keeps the gastric acid away from the outer layers of the intestine and stomach, protective layer

Question 13

middle layers of GI tract

Answer 13

submucosal and muscularis

Question 14

submucosal and muscularis do what

Answer 14

support the shape of the intestine, contract and squeeze movement for digestion (squeeze food bolus through GI tract)

Question 15

serosa is what layer

Answer 15

outer layer

Question 16

the serosa layer does what

Answer 16

prevents friction and damage (so intestine aren’t rubbing together)

Question 17

GI reflexes

Answer 17

central reflexes; swallowing & vomiting

Question 18

swallowing reflex involves

Answer 18

25 muscles

Question 19

the purpose of the swallowing reflex

Answer 19

to protect the body from unwanted irritants

Question 20

two areas in the brain that can stimulate vomiting

Answer 20

emetic zone and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

Question 21

emetic zone produces

Answer 21

ejectile vomiting

Question 22

chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is stimulated by

Answer 22

irritants to the back of the throat, pregnancy, intense pain, strong chemicals, cellular death (chemotherapy)

Question 23

the nurse knows that a colostomy should produce formed stool because

Answer 23

its location at the end of the GI tract