Structure and function of body systems Flashcards
What does gas exchange mean?
Gas exchange means to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
What is the other name for gas exchange system?
Respiratory system
Where does the gas exchange system take place?
Inside the lungs.
How does the lungs work and what it is made of?
The lungs are made of an elastic tissue that expands when you breathe in oxygen.
Name the structure that protects the lungs.
Ribcage
Why do the lungs need protection from the ribcage?
Because the lungs are delicate
Name the main components of the respiratory system.
Mouth / nose, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, and blood.
Describe how the respiratory system works.
- Air enters the body through nose / mouth.
- Air moves down the trachea (a large tube)
- Air moves down a bronchus (a smaller tube)
- Air moves through a bronchiole (a tiny tube)
- Air moves into an alveolus (an air sac)
- Oxygen then diffuses into blood.
State the scientific name for an air sac and how does it work.
Air sac is also known as alveolus (plural for alveoli). Millions of alveoli in the lungs create a large surface area and have thin walls which allows gas exchange to occur quickly and easily.
What is inhale and exhale?
Inhale : breathe in oxygen
Exhale : breathe out carbon dioxide
State what happen to the muscles in your chest when breathing.
The muscles between the ribs tighten or contract, which pulls the ribcage up and out.
State what happens to the volume and pressure inside your chest when you inhale.
The volume inside your chest increases and the pressure inside your chest decreases.
State what happens to the diaphragm when you inhale.
The diaphragm contracts and moves down.
State what happens to the ribcage when you inhale.
The ribcage gets pulled up and out.
State what happens to the muscles when you exhale.
The muscles between the ribs relax and pulls the ribcage down and in.
State what happens to the volume and pressure inside your chest when you exhale.
The volume inside your chest decreases and the pressure inside your chest increases.
State what happens to the diaphragm when you exhale.
The diaphragm relaxes and moves up.
State what happens to the ribcage when you exhale.
The ribcage gets pulled down and in.
What is a diaphragm?
Diaphragm is a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale.
Give 2 factors that can reduce lung volume.
Diseases such as asthma, smoking and old age.
State what the bone is.
Bone is a living tissue with a blood supply.
What makes the bone strong and slightly flexible?
Calcium, minerals, exercise and a balanced diet.
What is a skeleton?
Skeleton is a structure made up of bones.
What are the 4 main functions of a skeleton?
- To support the body
- To protect vital organs
- To help the body move
- To make blood cells
How does the skeleton support the body?
Skeletons support the body by creating a frame for muscles, holding internal organs and holds the body upright using the backbone.
How does the skeleton protects the body? Give an example.
Skeleton protects the vital organs from damage
e.g: Skull protects the brain, ribcage protects the heart and backbone protects the spinal cord.
Name the tissue that causes the skeleton to move and explain how does it work.
Muscles are attached to bones. Whenever muscles pulled a bone, the bone will move.
What is a bone marrow?
Bone marrow is a soft tissue found in the centre of certain bones.
What is the function of a bone marrow?
Bone marrow produces red blood cells and white blood cells.
What are joints?
Joints occur when 2 or more bones join together. (most joints are flexible)
Name 3 types of joints and their movements. Give examples.
Hinge joints - forward and backward movement. (knee & elbow)
Ball-and-socket joints - movement in all directions. (hip & shoulders)
Fixed joints - Don’t allow movements. (skull)
What is a cartilage?
Cartilage is a strong and smooth tissue found in joints to stop bones from rubbing together.
Name the components that hold the bones together.
Ligaments.
