Cells

Question 1

What is the definition of cells?

Answer 1

Cells are the smallest unit of an organism.

Question 2

How can you see cells?

Answer 2

Cells can be seen through a microscope.

Question 3

Describe the shape of an animal cell and name four of the components found in an animal cell.

Answer 3

Animal cells have an irregular shape. The four components that can be found in an animal cell are Nucleus, A Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm and Mitochondria (many)

Question 4

What is the function of a Nucleus?

Answer 4

Nucleus controls the cell and contain genetic materials for new cells.

Question 5

What is the function of Cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm is a ‘jelly like’ substance where the chemical reactions in a cell happens.

Question 6

What is the function of a Cell Membrane?

Answer 6

Cell membrane is a barrier that controls the in and out movement of the cell.

Question 7

What is the function of Mitochondria?

Answer 7

Mitochondria is where respiration occurs.

Question 8

What is respiration?

Answer 8

Respiration is a chemical reaction that transfers energy.

Question 9

Describe the shape of plant cells and name the 7 components of a plant cell.

Answer 9

Plant cells have a more regular structure. The 7 components of a plant cell are Nucleus, a Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, a Vacuole, a Cell Wall and Chloroplasts.

Question 10

Name the cell components that can only be found in a plant cell.

Answer 10

Vacuole, a Cell wall, and Chloroplasts

Question 11

State the function of a cell wall and what it is made of.

Answer 11

Cell wall strengthens the cell and provide support. It is made of a tough fibre called cellulose, which makes the wall rigid.

Question 12

State the function of a vacuole and what it contains.

Answer 12

Vacuole contains a watery liquid called cell sap. It keeps the cell firm.

Question 13

State the function of chloroplasts and what it contains.

Answer 13

Chloroplasts is where photosynthesis happens. It contains green substance called chlorophyll which traps energy from the sun.

Question 14

What are specialised cells?

Answer 14

Specialised cells are cells that changed their shape and structure that are suitable to carry out a particular job.

Question 15

Give 5 different types of specialised cells.

Answer 15

Nerve cell, Red blood cells, Sperm cells, Leaf cells and Root hair cells.

Question 16

State the function of nerve cells and describe the structure.

Answer 16

Nerve cells carry electrical impulses around the body. Its long and thin structure have connections at the end which allows them to transmit messages around the body.

Question 17

State the function of red blood cells and describe its structure. What component does any other cells have but red blood cells doesn’t?

Answer 17

Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body. they contain haemoglobin; a red pigment that binds to oxygen. They have a disc-like shape which increase their surface area to carry oxygen. Red blood cells have no nucleus.

Question 18

State the function of a sperm cell and describe its structure.

Answer 18

Sperm cells carry male genetic material. They have a streamlined head and a long tail to swim and move through a liquid.

Question 19

State the function of leaf cells and describe its structure. What is its scientific name?

Answer 19

Leaf cells are known as palisade cells. They are found near the top of a leaf to carry out photosynthesis. The cells are long, thin and packed with chloroplasts. They have a large surface area for absorbing solar energy.

Question 20

State the function of root hair cells and describe its structure.

Answer 20

Root hair cells absorb water and nutrients from soil. The root hair creates a large surface area for easier absorption. The cells have no chloroplasts since there’s no sunlight underground to carry out photosynthesis.

Question 21

How did diffusion happen in plant cells?

Answer 21

Water diffuses into the plant through the root hair cells. Water molecules move from the soil into the root hair cells and travels from the root hair cells into other cells in the plant.

Question 22

What happens to the vacuole if the plant doesn’t receive sufficient supply of water?

Answer 22

The vacuole shrinks and the plant will wilt. (This is because water fills up tue vacuole and pushes the cell wall to make the cell rigid. This helps the plant to stay upright)

Question 23

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 23

An organism that only contains one cell.

Question 24

Name 2 types of a unicellular organism.

Answer 24

Amoeba and Euglena

Question 25

Describe the structure of Amoeba and where it can be found.

Answer 25

Amoeba has no fixed shape and move by changing the shape of their body. They are found in fresh water, salt water, wet soil and sometimes inside animals.

Question 26

How and what does Amoeba eat?

Answer 26

Amoebas eat algae, bacteria, and plant cells. They eat by surrounding tiny particles of food and forming a food vacuole; known as engulfing.

Question 27

How does Amoebas reproduce?

Answer 27

Amoebas divide by binary fission (splits itself into two cells). The nucleus in the cell divides first, followed by the cytoplasm.

Question 28

Describe the structures of euglena and where it can be found.

Answer 28

Euglena has an oval shape body with a flagellum (tail) that spins to move towards light. It has an eye spot which detects light. Euglenas can be found in fresh water.

Question 29

What is the difference between Amoebas and Euglenas?

Answer 29

Euglena has chloroplasts which causes them to look green. They can trap solar energy to make food by photosynthesis.

Question 30

How and what does Euglenas eat?

Answer 30

When a euglena doesn’t have enough sunlight to make food, they engulf microorganisms such as bacteria and algae.

Question 31

How does Euglenas reproduce?

Answer 31

Euglenas reproduce by binary fission (splits itself into 2 cells)

Question 32

What is a multicellular organism and how does it work?

Answer 32

Multicellular organism is an organism that made up of many cells. It contain organ systems to perform life processes.

Question 33

State the levels of organisation in a multicellular organism.

Answer 33

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ system, Organism

Question 34

Give examples of cells.

Answer 34

Nerve, muscle, red blood cells, root hair and leaf cells.

Question 35

What is the function of a tissue?

Answer 35

Tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 36

Give an example of animal tissue.

Answer 36

Muscle cells : they contract together to make the body move.

or

Nerve cells: they work together to transmit messages around the body

Question 37

Give an example of a plant tissue.

Answer 37

Xylem : tubes that carry water around the plant

Question 38

What is an organ?

Answer 38

An organ is made up of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 39

State 3 examples of an organ.

Answer 39

Brain, liver, heart, lungs, stomach, kidney, bladder, intestine

Stem, leaf, root

Question 40

What is an organ system?

Answer 40

Organ system is a group of different organs that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 41

State and explain one example of an organ system.

Answer 41

Circulatory system : transport materials around the body in the blood.

Respiratory system : Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

Reproductive system : Produces new organisms.

Question 42

Does plants classified as an organ system?

Answer 42

Plant structure is mainly organised into organs or tissues but flowers are an organ system. They contain both male and female sex organs, which form the reproductive system.

Question 43

State one example of a multicellular organism.

Answer 43

Humans, animals (dogs, cows, cats), trees