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Cardiovascular system > Structure and function of blood vessels. > Flashcards

Structure and function of blood vessels. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 different types of vessels?

A

Artery.
Arteriole.
Capilary.
Venule.
Vein.

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2
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Conduct blood away from the heart.

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3
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Smallest branches of arteries.

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4
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Smallest blood vessels with thin walls.

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5
Q

What are venules?

A

Smallest branches of veins.

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6
Q

What do veins do?

A

Return blood to the heart.

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7
Q

What is the biggest artery in the body?

A

The aorta.

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8
Q

What are the 3 branches that stem from the aorta?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk.
  2. Common carotid artery (left)

3.Subclavian artery (left)

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9
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk take blood to?

A

The arm and head.

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10
Q

Where does the common carotid artery take blood to?

A

The neck.

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11
Q

Where does the subclavian artery take blood to?

A

Regions under the clavicle.

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12
Q

How many mLs of blood does the heart inject out when it contracts?

A

70 mL

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13
Q

What are the 2 different types of arteries?

A

Muscular (distributing) arteries

Arterioles (resistance vessels)

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14
Q

True or false
An artery has a greater layer of muscle than a vein.

A

True

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15
Q

True or false.
A vein is more rounded while an artery is more irregular or collapsed?

A

False (reverse)

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16
Q

True or false.
Arteries are higher in systemic arteries and lower in pulmonary arteries?

A

True.

17
Q

True or false.
Veins are higher in systemic arteries and lower in pulmonary arteries?

A

False (reverse)

18
Q

True or false.
Arteries have valves?

A

False

19
Q

True or false.
Veins are present most commonly in limbs and in veins inferior to the heart?

A

True

20
Q

What are the two attributes regarding the structure and function of arteries?

A

Elasticity.
Contractility.

21
Q

Regarding arteries, what is vasoconstriction?

A

Contraction of arterial smooth muscle which reduces lumen.

22
Q

Regarding arteries, what is vasodilation?

A

Relaxation of the smooth muscle, enlarges lumen.

23
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

They carry blood from arterioles to venules.

24
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous.
Fenestrated.
Sinusoids.

25
Q

What cappiliry am I?

Continuous lining of endothelial cells.

Openings called intercellular clefts exist between adjacent endothelial cells.

Found in all tissues except epithelia and cartilage.

A

Continous capillaries.

26
Q

What cappiliry am I?

Intercellular clefts and fenestrations (pores) through the plasma membrane to allow for exchange material.

Found in choroid plexus, kidneys, and intestinal tract.

A

Fenestrated capillaries.

27
Q

What cappiliry am I?

Large lumen with many twists.

Absent or incomplete basement membrane.

Very porous which allows migration of cells into or out of vessel lumen.

Found in liver, spleen bone marrow, and endocrine organs.

A

Sinusoid capillaries.

28
Q

How much blood percentage of the entire body do veins hold approximately?

A

64 percent.

29
Q

What are the 4 types of veins?

A

Venules.
Medium veins.
Large veins.
Venous veins.

30
Q

What vein am I?

Moves blood back to the large size veins and then back to the heart.

A

Medium veins.

31
Q

What vein am I?

Very small veins that collect blood from capillaries.

A

Venules.

32
Q

What vein am I?

Valves in veins?

A

Venous veins.

33
Q

What vein am I?

Veins that have all three tunica layers.

A

Large veins.

34
Q

What do venous veins stop?

A

Blood from flowing backwards.

35
Q

Regarding venous veins, when the walls near the valves weaken what problems to the human body can occur?

A

Varicose veins and hemorrhoids.

36
Q

What are the three layers of the artery?

A

Intima.

Media.

Externa.

37
Q

Which layer is the thinnest?

A

The externa (tunica externa)

Cardiovascular system (4 decks)

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