Structure and Function in Living Organisms

Question 1

In complex multicellular organisms:

Answer 1

• Cells are specialised to carry out particular functions
• These specialised cells form tissues
• The tissues form organs
• The organs form organ systems

Question 2

Organelles description

Answer 2

A component within a cell that carries out a specific task.

Question 3

Cells description

Answer 3

Basic functional and structural units in a living organism.

Question 4

Tissues description

Answer 4

A group of cells of similar structure working together to perform a particular function.

Question 5

Organs description

Answer 5

Made from a group of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.

Question 6

Organs systems description

Answer 6

Made from a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions within the organism.

Question 7

What is inside the cell membrane?

Answer 7

The cytoplasm

Question 8

What do eukaryotic cells contain within their cytoplasm.

Answer 8

Organelles (nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes)

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 9

• Contains genetic material in chromosomes which controls how cells grow and work.
• It controls cell division.

Question 10

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

• Supports cell structures.
• Site of many chemical reactions.
• Contains water and many solutes.

Question 11

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

• Holds the cell together
• Controls substances entering and leaving the cell.

Question 12

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 12

• Gives the cell extra support and defines its shape.

Question 13

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 13

• Site of photosynthesis, providing food for plants.
• The chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy needed for the reaction to occur.

Question 14

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 14

• Contains cell sap
• Used for storage of certain material.
• Also helps support the shape of the cell.

Question 15

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 15

• Site of aerobic respiration, providing energy for the cell.
• Cells with high rates of metabolism (carrying out many different cell reactions) will have significantly higher numbers of mitochondria than cells with lower numbers of reactions taking place in them.

Question 16

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 16

• Site of protein production in protein synthesis.

Question 17

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 17

• Used to safely transport substances from one part of the cell to another.

Question 18

What affects the waste products within plants?

Answer 18

The amount or intensity of light?

Question 19

Why is oxygen in excess and the waste product during the day and carbon dioxide in excess and the waste product during the night?

Answer 19

The amount or intensity of light affects the waste products within plants
During the day, when there is sufficient light:
The rate of photosynthesis is higher than the rate of respiration
More oxygen is released than used in respiration
Less carbon dioxide is released than used in photosynthesis
Net effect - oxygen is in excess and a waste product
During the night, when there is insufficient light:
There is no photosynthesis, only respiration
Oxygen is used in respiration and carbon dioxide is produced
No photosynthesis means that no carbon dioxide is used
Net effect - carbon dioxide is in excess and a waste product.

Question 20

How does excess gas (CO2 and O2) diffuse out of a plant?

Answer 20

Through the stomata.