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Introductory Microbiology (LSCI 230) > Structure and Function- General > Flashcards

Structure and Function- General Flashcards

Midterm

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1
Q

Colony Morphology

A

Characteristics of the Colony produced by a species on solid agar

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2
Q

Examples of morphology

A

Size, Shape, Texture Colour

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3
Q

Morphotype

A

Colony with specific characteristics

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4
Q

Characteristics are influenced by:

A

Medium
Incubation conditions

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5
Q

Properties of all Cells (3)

A

Metabolism
Growth
Evolution

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6
Q

Properties of Some Cells (4)

A

Differentiation
Communication
Genetic Exchange
Motility

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7
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Cells take up nutrients, transform them, and expels wastes

A

Metabolism

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8
Q

Which cell Property is the following: Nutrients from the environment atre converted into new materials to formnew cells

A

Growth

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9
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Cells evolve to display new properties, Phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships

A

Evolution

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10
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Can form new cell structures such as a spore.

A

Differenciation

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11
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Cells interact with each other by chemical messengers

A

Communication

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12
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
cells can exchange genes by several mechanisms

A

Genetic Exchange

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13
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Are capable of Self-propulsion (Flagellum)

A

Motility

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14
Q

Two types of metabolism (Functions of cell)

A

Genetic
Catalytic

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15
Q

What is the genetic function of the cell? (Metabolism)

A

DNA Replication
DNA → Transcription → RNA → Translation → Proteins

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16
Q

What is the Catalytic Functions of the cell? (Metabolism)

A

Energy Conservation (ADP + Pi → ATP) Generation of precursors of macromolecules (Metabolism)
Enzyme (Metabolic Catalysts)

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17
Q

Intracellular Organelles of Prokaryotes

A

Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Nucleoid
Cytoplasm
Plasmid
Ribosomes

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18
Q

Prokaryotes are

A

Bacteria and Archea

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19
Q

Eukaryotes are

A

Eukarya

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20
Q

Intracellular Organelles of Eukaryotes

A

Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Mitochondrion
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cytoplasm
Golgi Complex

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21
Q

Three functions of the membrane

A

Permeability Barrier
Protein Anchor
Energy Conservation

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22
Q

What function fo the membrane is described:
Prevent leakage and a gateway for transport of nutrient into and waste out of cell

A

Permeability barrier

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23
Q

What function fo the membrane is described:
Site of many proteins that participate in transport, bioenergetics, and chemotaxis

A

Protein Anchor

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24
Q

What function fo the membrane is described:
Site of generation and use of the proton motive force

A

Energy conservation

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25
Q

Ratio Protein/Lipids:

A

50% or less

26
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A

Sensors
Adhesins
Transporters
Enzymes

27
Q

Type of membrane

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

28
Q

Bacteria/Eukarya
Phospholipid bilayer linkage

A

Ester linkage

29
Q

Archea Phospholipid Bilayer linkage

A

Ether linkage

30
Q

The Archeal Lipid chain is composed of

A

Isoprene

31
Q

Waht is a unique charactiristic in the archeal membrane and what is its use

A

Can be a lipid monolayer (Biphytanyl)
It is more resistant to extreme environments → More stable at high temperature

32
Q

What are the three type of archeal membranes (bi/mono layer)

A

Glyceroldiether (Bi)
Diglycerol tetraethers (Mono)
Crenarchaeol (Mono)

33
Q

How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Eukarya?

A

Sterol (Consist of Polar head, Rigid planar steroid ring structure, nonpolar hydrocarbon tail)

34
Q

How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Animal Cells

A

Cholesterol

35
Q

How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Fungi

A

Ergosterol (enzyme inhibitor for ergosterosis synthesis used to rid of yeast infections)

36
Q

How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Plant cells and Protozoans

A

Stigmasterol

37
Q

In bacteria and Archea Sterols are

A

Almost always absent

38
Q

How is the membrane stabilized in Bacteria

A

Hopanoids

39
Q

What are the limts of the size of a cell?

A

0.5 micrometers to 750 micrometers in diameter

40
Q

What does the Surface volume ratio affect?

A

exchanges with the outside (Capacity to transport substrate across the cytoplasmic membrane)

41
Q

What affetc the Surface volume ratio?

A

the Shape of the cell

42
Q

What enzyme is in charge of DNA Replication?

A

DNA Polymerase

43
Q

What enzyme is in charge of DNA transcription?

A

RNA Polymerase

44
Q

What enzyme is in charge of RNA translation into protein?

A

Ribosome

45
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Circular molecule, double stranded.

A

Bacteria/Archea

46
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Generally haploid (one copy)

A

Bacteria/Archea

47
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Packaged with proteins (H-NS and other Histone-like protein), aggregates to form the nucleoid), the chromosome

A

Bacteria/Archea

48
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
DNA in the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA encoded on the chromosome

A

Bacteria/Archea

49
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
May also contain plasmids

A

Bacteria/Archea

50
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Linear molecules, double-stranded.

A

Eukarya

51
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Generally diploid (two copies)

A

Eukarya

52
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Packaged with proteins (Histones) to form chromatin fibers, the chromosome

A

Eukarya

53
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
DNA in the nucleus

A

Eukarya

54
Q

The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in:
Nucleolus: (DNA that code for ribosomal RNA, ribosomal proteins, immature ribosome)

A

Eukarya

55
Q

Ribosome Function

A

Composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins, translates mRNA into amino acid chains to form proteins.

56
Q

Ribosome location in Prokaryotes

A

Free in the cytoplasm or attached to cytoplasmic membrane.

57
Q

Ribosome location in Eukaryotes

A

Free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

58
Q

Number of ribosomes and subunits in Prokaryotes

A

30S + 50S subunits = 70S ribosome

59
Q

Number of ribosomes and subunits in Eukaryotes

A

40S + 60S subunits = 80S ribosome

60
Q

Describes the rate of sedimentation of a particle in an ultracentrifuge. Proportional to the size, shape and density of the particle but the relationship is not linear

A

Svedberg unit

Introductory Microbiology (LSCI 230) (18 decks)

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