Metabolism and Energetics

Question 1

Microorganisms must be able to use the
nutrients available from their
environment to produce all the
macromolecules and chemicals required
for survival, growth and replication

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Production of
macromolecules and chemicals from
“building blocks” and energy (ATP).
Reducing power is provided by
NAD(P)H+H +.

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

Generation of energy (ATP) and reducing power (NAD(P)H+H +) from nutrients. By-products may be used as precursor molecules for anabolism.

Answer 3

Catabolism

Question 4

Essential nutrient for all microorganisms

Answer 4

C H N O P S Se

Question 5

Macromolecules

Answer 5

Protein
DNA
RNA
Lipids
Polysaccharide
Lypopolysaccharide

Question 6

Metabolism of _________ is relatively simple; slight modifications
are needed before incorporation into cellular material

Answer 6

Essential Nutrient N S and P

Question 7

_________ ___ _________ usually undergo many transformations

Answer 7

Sources of carbon and energy

Question 8

Only grow with specific nutrient present (Culture Medium)

Answer 8

Fastidious organism

Question 9

Culture medium for unknown compounds, not well defined

Answer 9

Complex culture medium

Question 10

ΔG 0’:

Answer 10

Free energy

Question 11

Negative free energy (ΔG 0’) :

Answer 11

Release of energy

Question 12

Positive free energy (ΔG 0’) :

Answer 12

Absorbs energy

Question 13

Activation energy:

Answer 13

Energy needed to put all molecules in a reactive state.

Question 14

Catalyst:

Answer 14

Substance that lowers the activation energy. Does not affect the free energy, affects the rate.

Question 15

Enzymes are

Answer 15

Biological Catalysts

Question 16

Oxidation:

Answer 16

Removal of electron(s)

Question 17

Reduction:

Answer 17

Addition of electron(s).

Question 18

True or Flase:
Can not involve just an electron, or an electron and a proton (H +).

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Redox reactions occur in pairs because electrons cannot exist in solution. Oxidation of one substance is linked to the reduction of another substance.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Electron donor:

Answer 20

Energy source

Question 21

The chemical reaction, in which the electron donor and the electron acceptor participate, (Releases/Absorbs) energy

Answer 21

Releases

Question 22

Reducing power:

Answer 22

NADH (Need electron source: glycolysis, TCA cycle, reverse
electron flow, photosynthesis).

Question 23

Energy source:

Answer 23

ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation,
photophosphorylation)

Question 24

Compound produced in pentose phosphate (in chemoheterotrophs), photosynthesisused in anabolic reactions

Answer 24

NADPH

Question 25

Reaction which replenish the pool of NAD + when no terminal electron acceptor are present so the glycolytic pathway can still function.

Answer 25

Fermentation

Question 26

Reaction which converts reducing power (NADH, FADH) into PMF. Series of hydrogen and electron transporters. Pumps protons out of the cytoplasm (prokaryotes) or matrix (mitochondrion).

Answer 26

Respiration chain

Question 27

Compound in Glycolytic pathway, TCA (fully oxidize to CO 2, produces NADH)

Answer 27

Glucose