Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Muscular System > Structure And Function > Flashcards

Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is a myocyte?

A

A muscle fibre which which is a cell and makes up muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s is the function of the muscular system?

A

Movement -muscular contraction and moving the bones, joints and muscles.
Posture - stabilising joints and balance
Heat production via thermogenesis. Shivering by muscular contractions
Glycogen store
Movement of substances such as sphincters, blood vessels, skeletal system, movement of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does contractility mean?

A

The ability of muscles to contract or shorten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does excitability mean?

A

The ability to generate an electrical current through action potentials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does extensibility mean?

A

Ability to stretch muscles without being damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The ability for something to return to its original length and shape after extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Cardiac, smooth and skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does striated mean?

A

Cell aligned in parallel bundles so stripes are visible with a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does non striated mean?

A

Randomly arranged cell with no stripes visible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary movement which are striated and multi nucleated. Can not do mitosis but develop by hypertrophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary heart muscle which is striated and single nucleus in the cells. It is intercalated discs - fibres that mean contraction can spread like a wave. More and larger mitochondria which mainly use aerobic respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does auto-rhythmic mean?

A

Contractions without nervous stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary, form the walls of hollow organs and blood vessel. Single nucleus and non striated. Filaments attach to structures called dense bodies which are pulled closer when muscle shortens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are myocytes formed?

A

Embryonic fusion of myoblasts so each muscle skeletal fibre has many nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of existing fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue that organises muscle, secures it to skin and provides stability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the skeletal muscle hierarchy?

A

Muscle is made of muscle fibre bundles which is made of muscle fibre which is made up of myofibrils. Myofibrils are made of myofilaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Transverse tubules

A

Tubes extending from sarcolemma into muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Muscle cell cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Tubular network that circulates cytoplasm and store terminal cisterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Terminal cisterns

A

Store calcium and attach on the SR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Myoglobin

A

Red coloured oxygen binding proteins in sarcoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are myofilaments?

A

Made up of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) which overlap to form sarcomeres.
A bands - dark area where myofilaments over lap
I bands - light area with only actin filaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is epismyosium?

A

Wrapped around entire muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is perimyosium?

A

Surround groups or bundles of 10-100 muscle fibres forming fascicles

28
Q

What is endomyosium?

A

Thing sheath around individual muscles.

29
Q

Explain how a neuromuscular junctions works.

A

Action potential travels down the moron neuron. This causes Ca to be to enter the axon terminal. Ca causes ACh to be release by exocytosis. ACh diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptors on sarcolemma. ACh binds to sodium potassium pump receptors cause them to open. Na enter the muscle cell and k leave muscles cell cause end plate potential.

When ACh is broken down by acetylcholinesterase this ends the end plate potential.

30
Q

Explain sliding filament theory

A

Action potential arrives as neuromuscular junctions.
Action potential spreads along sarcolemma and t tubules. Muscle cell releases Ca from storage (SR reticulum).
Ca and adenosine triphosohate (ATP) trigger myosin to bind to actin so filament slide over each other and this shortens the fibre.

31
Q

What are the thee ways muscle fibres make ATP?

A

Creatine phosphate, aerobic and anaerobic respiration

32
Q

What is creatine phosphate?

A

Store excess ATP as creatine phosphate. During muscle contraction ATP is used up so creatine phosphate is used to regenerate ATP to make contraction longer or more sustained

33
Q

Occupitofrontalis

A

Raises eyebrows

34
Q

What’s is the function of orbicularis oculi?

A

Closes eyes

35
Q

What’s the function of orbicularis pro?

A

Closes or pouts lips

36
Q

Masseter

A

Elevates and protrudes mandible/closes jaw for chewing

37
Q

What is the temporalis?

A

For chewing

38
Q

What is sternocleidomastoid?

A

Tilting your head and rotating your head

39
Q

What is trapezium?

A

Pulls head backward, elevates, retracts and depressed shoulders

40
Q

What is supraspinatus?

A

Initial abduction of shoulder

41
Q

What is psoas?

A

Hip flexor: pull thigh towards trunk.

42
Q

What is latissimus dorsi?

A

extends, adducts and medially/internally rotates arms.

43
Q

What is quadrates lumborum?

A

bending backwards and sideways

44
Q

What is erector spine?

A

extension of vertebral volume, keep spine upright

45
Q

Pectoralis major

A

draws arms forward, shoulder flexion and adduction, medial rotation

46
Q

rectus abdominis

A

vertebrae flexion: bending forward

47
Q

transverse abdominis

A

compresses abdominal organs

48
Q

internal and external obliques

A

rotation, bending sideways

49
Q

deltoid

A

flexion, abduction and extension of shoulder joint.

50
Q

bicep branchii

A

stabilizes shoulder joint, flexion and supination of forearm

51
Q

tricep branchii

A

arm adduction and extends elbow

52
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes the hand at the wrist joint

53
Q

extensor carpi radialis

A

extend the hand at the wrist joint

54
Q

gluteus maximum

A

external rotation, abduction and extension of the hip joint

55
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts leg, stabilises pelvis

56
Q

hamstring

A

bend knee

57
Q

rectus femoris

A

flexes hip, extends knee

58
Q

thigh adductors

A

squeezes thighs together

59
Q

tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

60
Q

soleus

A

plantar flexion of food at ankle, stabilises ankle

61
Q

gastrocnemius

A

flexes leg at the knee, plantar flexion of food

62
Q

What are the two smooth muscle types?

A

visceral/single unit and multi unit.

63
Q

What is a visceral/single unit of smooth muscle?

A

lines vessels and hollow viscera, auto-rhythmic, one stimulus causes contraction of many fibres together as a single unit.

64
Q

What is a multi unit of smooth muscle?

A

in large arteries and airways, iris and ciliary body. Fibres are stimulated individually and operate independently.

65
Q

What are the properties of smooth muscle?

A

slower and longer contractions, shorten and stretch more than skeletal muscle

Muscular System (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions