Structure and Function

Question 1

What are materials with Catalytic Properties and increase the rate of reactions?

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

What is a Constitutive Enzyme?

Answer 2

One that is always present and functioning

Question 3

What is an Inducible Enzyme?

Answer 3

One that is produced in response to stimuli
Must be called on

Question 4

Where can Cellular Enzymes be dissolved?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm
Microsomes/Mitochondria/Nuclei/Lysosomes

Question 5

What is an Enzyme made of?

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur

Question 6

How de we tell Enzymes apart from one another?

Answer 6

Catalytic Action

Question 7

What does each Enzyme contain?

Answer 7

An Active and Allosteric Site

Question 8

What is the term used for Enzymes that perform the same function but come in different forms?

Answer 8

Isoenzymes or Isozymes

Question 9

What is the nonprotein substance that attaches to an Enzyme known as?

Answer 9

A Cofactor

Question 10

What can remove a Cofactor from an Enzyme?

Answer 10

Dialysis

Question 11

What are the Organic Cofactors and what are they known as?

Answer 11

NADP+ and P5P
Known as Coenzymes

Question 12

What are the Inorganic Factors and what are they known as?

Answer 12

Inorganic Ions like Cl- and Mg2+
Known as Activators

Question 13

What are the different classifications of Enzymes?

Answer 13

Oxidoreductase (Redox reactions)
Transferase (Transfer functional groups)
Hydrolase (Breaking bonds with water)
Lyases (Add or remove double bonds)
Isomerases (One isomer to another)
Ligases (Making or breaking bonds)

Question 14

What is the study of Enzyme reaction rates?

Answer 14

Enzyme Kinetics

Question 15

What is Enzyme Specificity?

Answer 15

Enzyme’s ability to bind to one or a few substrates

Question 16

What are the types of Enzyme Specifities?

Answer 16

Absolute (One substrate)
Group (Same functional group)
Linkage (Form or break certain bonds)
Stereochemical (One Enantiomer from the other)

Question 17

What is First Order Kinetics?

Answer 17

Reaction rate is directly proportional to Substrate Concentration

Question 18

What is Zero Order Kinetics?

Answer 18

Reaction rate only depends on Enzyme Concentration
Peak reaction velocity

Question 19

What pH do enzymes perform best at?

Answer 19

pH of 7

Question 20

What can cause reaction rate to decrease?

Answer 20

Change in pH
More basic or acidic
Result in Denaturation

Question 21

An enzymes temperature is 10C. How will it perform?

Answer 21

Remain stable

Question 22

An enzyme temp is 41C. How will it perform?

Answer 22

It will collide and vibrate more causing denaturation

Question 23

What can bind to an Enzyme to reduce its Catalytic ability?

Answer 23

Inhibitors

Question 24

How are inhibitors classified?

Answer 24

Competitive or Noncompetitive

Question 25

How do Competitive Inhibitors function?

Answer 25

Inhibitors resemble the substrate
Bind to the active site

Question 26

How do Noncompetitive Inhibitors function?

Answer 26

Binds to a place other than the active site (Allosteric site)
Irreversible

Question 27

What is the difference between Noncompetitive and Uncompetitive Inhibition?

Answer 27

Uncompetitive Inhibition binds to the Enzyme Substrate complex and not the free Enzyme

Question 28

What is Enzyme Quantitation?

Answer 28

Measuring Enzyme catalytic activity
Activity is related to concentration

Question 29

What are the methods of Enzyme Quantitation?

Answer 29

Fixed Time
Continuous Monitoring

Question 30

Fixed Time Method

Answer 30

Reactants are combined for a certain time then stopped
The larger the reaction, the more the Enzyme is present

Question 31

Continuous Monitoring Method

Answer 31

Measures absorbance change at specific time intervals
Continuous Recording Spectrophotometer

Question 32

Why is the Continuous method preferred over Fixed Time?

Answer 32

Linearity of reaction can be better verified
Deviation of linearity is readily observable