Muscle Enzymes Flashcards
What is the main function of Creatine Kinase?
Transport high energy phosphate
Where do we find Creatine Kinase?
Mitochondrial Membrane and Cytoplasm
Released into the blood through cell death
What elevates Creatine Kinase?
Strenuous Exercise
Intramuscular Injection
Renal Disease
What are the Isozymes of Creatine Kinase?
CK-MM
CK-MB
CK-BB
Where is CK-MM found and what is it’s role?
Skeletal Muscle
Found in Normal Serum
Where is CK-MB found and what is it’s role?
Found in Myocardium
Specific to Myocardial Injury
Where is CK-BB found and what is it’s role?
We should not find it in Serum
Elevated levels in patients with Carcinoma
Tumor Marker
What are proteins that are part of the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle?
Troponins
Released in response to Myocardial Injury
What are the Troponins that exist?
Troponin-C (TnC): Contraction; Binds Calcium
Troponin-I (TnI): Inhibits Contraction; No Calcium
Troponin-T (TnT): Anchors complex
What is specific for Cardiac Muscle Injury?
Troponin-T and Troponin-I
What is an enzyme that is responsible for converting Glucose to Energy?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD)
What are the different Isozymes of LD?
LD-1: Heart and Erythrocytes
LD-2: WBC, Heart, Erythrocytes
LD-3: Lung Tissue
LD-4: WBC, Kidneys, Pancreas, Lymph
LD-5: Liver and Skeletal Muscles
What is an enzyme that helps metabolize Amino Acids?
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Where do we find Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)?
Heart, Liver, Skeletal Muscle, Kidneys
How do we find Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) in the Liver?
Cytosolic and Mitochondrial forms
What is the cause for elevated levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)?
Damage/Hemolysis to organs
How do we measure Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)?
The Karmen Method
Spectrophotometrically
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is responsible for what?
Converting proteins into energy
How do we differentiate between AST and ALT?
The half life
AST: 16-18 hours
ALT: 24-48 hours
What is Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) responsible for?
Removing the phosphate group from proteins
What does Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) require?
Mg2+ as an activator
Where do we find activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)?
In bone confined to Osteoblasts
What is the enzyme that takes part in the transfer of Amino Acids and Peptides across cell membranes?
Y-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)
Where do we find Y-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the liver?
Canaliculi of hepatic cells
