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Endocrine System > Structure and Function > Flashcards

Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

A

maintaining homeostasis by regulating the production of chemicals that affect most functions of the body

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2
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

they are ductless glands, unlike exocrine glands that secrete substances into ducts

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3
Q

What glands are located in the brain?

A

pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary

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4
Q

What glands are located in the throat?

A

thyroid, parathyroid

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5
Q

What gland is located above the heart?

A

thymus

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6
Q

What gland is located above the kidneys?

A

adrenal

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7
Q

What gland is located under the stomach?

A

pancreas

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8
Q

What glands are located in the lower abdomen/groin?

A

ovaries, testes

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9
Q

How do glands work?

A

glands secrete hormones into the blood stream to target tissues

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10
Q

Why does the endocrine system work?

A

endocrine conditions are due to either hypo (too little) or hyper (too much) secretions of substances (hormones)

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11
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus gland?

A

part of the nervous system, releases hormones that regulate pituitary hormones, hormones either have a releasing or inhibiting factor

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12
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

releases melatonin, a hormone believed to affect sleep and gonad functioning

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13
Q

Where is the pineal gland located in the brain?

A

superior and posterior to the pituitary gland

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14
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

is the body’s master gland because it controls all other glands

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15
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located in the brain?

A

located at the base of the brain in an area called the sella turcica

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16
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

secretions of thyroid hormones control metabolism and blood calcium concentrations

17
Q

What connects the two thyroid lobes together?

A

the right and left lobe located on either side of the trachea are connected by the isthmus

18
Q

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A

thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

19
Q

What is the function of the calcitonin hormone?

A

functions to help lower blood calcium levels

20
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?

A

regulates phosphate and raises blood calcium levels via parathyroid hormone

21
Q

What is the function of the thymus gland?

A

hormones secreted stimulate the production of T and B cells

22
Q

How many adrenal glands are there?

A

2, they are a pair with each one situated on top of a kidney

23
Q

What is the outer portion of the adrenal glands called?

A

adrenal cortex

24
Q

What is the inner portion of the adrenal glands called?

A

adrenal medulla

25
Q

What is the function of the adrenal glands?

A

regulate electrolytes, produces cortisol which is an anti-inflammatory hormone

26
Q

What does the inner portion of the adrenal gland do?

A

adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (epinephrine-fight or flight and norepinephrine) in response to stress

27
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

maintains proper blood glucose levels, has both exocrine and endocrine functions

28
Q

What serves the pancreas’ endocrine functions?

A

the islets of Langerhans, it produces two types of cells called alpha and beta

29
Q

What does the pancreas do if blood sugar is high?

A

insulin is released by beta cells which stimulate glucose to be sent to the body’s cells, converts unused glucose to glycogen to lower blood sugar

30
Q

What does the pancreas do if blood sugar is low?

A

glucagon is released by alpha cells, stimulates stored glycogen to be transformed into glucose to raise blood sugar

31
Q

What is insulin?

A

promotes movement of glucose into certain cells, stimulates formation of glycogen from glucose

32
Q

What does the artery do in response to glucagon?

A

blood glucose drops/rises towards normal

33
Q

What is glucagon?

A

stimulates cells to break down glycogen into glucose , stimulates cells to convert non-carbohydrates into glucose

34
Q

Where are the ovaries located in the lower abdomen?

A

female pelvic region, one attached to the top of each fallopian tube

35
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone

36
Q

Where are the testes located in the lower abdomen?

A

in the scrotum, a sac outside the body

37
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

produce spermatozoa which fertilize the female ova, produce the male sex hormone testosterone

Endocrine System (4 decks)

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