structure and function Flashcards
why must food be broken down?
for the food to be able to be absorbed into the body for nutrients.
list the functions performed by the digestive system:
- eliminates waste
- breaks down food
- chemically breaks down food into fats and carbs
- maintains body’s water and electrolytes
what is the route of the alimentary canal?
From the mouth to the anus, which is 9 meters long or 30 ft.
list the two parts of the alimentary canal:
- Upper Gastrointestinal tract
- Lower Gastrointestinal tract
define mastication
The act of physically breaking down or chewing food.
how do enzymes aid digestion?
Chemically breaks down the food and salivary amylase breaks starch into sugar.
define deglutition:
the act of swallowing or the process of swallowing.
define bolus:
food once it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.
list the 4 layers of the alimentary canal:
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis
- serosa
where is the mucosa located and what’s its function?
- the inner most layer
- to absorb and secrete
where is the sub mucosa and what are its functions?
- a layer of connective tissue that supports the mucosa and connects to the muscularis
- it allows absorbed materials to pass through the mucosa.
what is the muscularis and what is it functions?
- a layer of tissue connected to the submucosa
- it propels food through the canals
what is the serosa layer and what is its layer and what is its functions?
- the outer most layer
- provides lubrication to reduce friction
what does deglutition do?
it propels the bolus into the next stage
what is the function of the pharynx?
carries food and air from the esophagus from the trachea.