structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

why must food be broken down?

A

for the food to be able to be absorbed into the body for nutrients.

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2
Q

list the functions performed by the digestive system:

A
  • eliminates waste
  • breaks down food
  • chemically breaks down food into fats and carbs
  • maintains body’s water and electrolytes
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3
Q

what is the route of the alimentary canal?

A

From the mouth to the anus, which is 9 meters long or 30 ft.

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4
Q

list the two parts of the alimentary canal:

A
  • Upper Gastrointestinal tract

- Lower Gastrointestinal tract

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5
Q

define mastication

A

The act of physically breaking down or chewing food.

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6
Q

how do enzymes aid digestion?

A

Chemically breaks down the food and salivary amylase breaks starch into sugar.

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7
Q

define deglutition:

A

the act of swallowing or the process of swallowing.

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8
Q

define bolus:

A

food once it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.

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9
Q

list the 4 layers of the alimentary canal:

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis
  • serosa
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10
Q

where is the mucosa located and what’s its function?

A
  • the inner most layer

- to absorb and secrete

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11
Q

where is the sub mucosa and what are its functions?

A
  • a layer of connective tissue that supports the mucosa and connects to the muscularis
  • it allows absorbed materials to pass through the mucosa.
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12
Q

what is the muscularis and what is it functions?

A
  • a layer of tissue connected to the submucosa

- it propels food through the canals

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13
Q

what is the serosa layer and what is its layer and what is its functions?

A
  • the outer most layer

- provides lubrication to reduce friction

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14
Q

what does deglutition do?

A

it propels the bolus into the next stage

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15
Q

what is the function of the pharynx?

A

carries food and air from the esophagus from the trachea.

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16
Q

what is the esophagus and how does is aid in digestion?

A

the esophagus is a muscular tube that carries a bolus to the stomach in a wavelike motion called peristalsis.

17
Q

what protects the stomach from its own acids?

A

a layer of mucosa called gastric mucosa.

18
Q

define maceration:

A

when the bolus mixes with the gastric juices.

19
Q

what are the two side of the stomach called?

A

Lesser curvature;Greater curvature

20
Q

list the five regions is the stomach:

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • antrum
  • pylorus
21
Q

what is the approximate length of the small intestines in adults?

A

22-25ft

22
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A

transform carbs, nutrients and proteins into fats for fuel.

23
Q

what’s happens in the duodenum?

A

continues to real down chyme.

24
Q

where is the jejunum located and what is its functions?

A
  • middle part of the SI and is approx 8ft long.

- absorbs nutrients, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbs, and waters.

25
Q

how long is the ileum and what is its functions?

A
  • ileum is the last 12 ft of the SI

- absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and products not absorbed in the jejunum.

26
Q

how long is the large intestine and what is its function?

A
  • larger in width but is shorter in length.

- it is the bodies last chance to absorb things.

27
Q

what bacteria lives in the small intestine?

A

E.coli

Escherichia coli

28
Q

list the 6 sections of the Large Intestine:

A
  • the ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • cecum
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
29
Q

what is the function of the cecum?

A

absorbs the fluids and salts that did not get absorbed/ digested in the SI.

30
Q

why is the second section of the Large intestine called the ascending colon?

A

it moves the material upward or ascends it.

31
Q

what is the function of the ascending colon?

A

to absorb remaining materials left from the small intestine and form it into stool.

32
Q

where is the transverse colon and what is its function?

A
  • transverse colon extends across the abdomen

- holding place while waiting to move into the sigmoid colon.

33
Q

where is the descending colon located and what is its function?

A
  • descending colon extends downward from the transverse colon.
  • holding place while waiting to move into the sigmoid colon.
34
Q

where is the sigmoid colon located and what is its function?

A
  • located between the descending colon and the rectum.

- sigmoid colon fills with stool then pushes into the rectum.

35
Q

where is the rectum located and what is its function?

A
  • the rectum is located between the sigmoid colon and the anus.
  • received stool from the sigmoid colon and signals the body to go to the bathroom.
36
Q

where is the anus located and what is its function?

A
  • the last or end part of the LI

- moves stool from the rectum to the anal canal.