structure and function

Question 1

why must food be broken down?

Answer 1

for the food to be able to be absorbed into the body for nutrients.

Question 2

list the functions performed by the digestive system:

Answer 2

• eliminates waste
• breaks down food
• chemically breaks down food into fats and carbs
• maintains body’s water and electrolytes

Question 3

what is the route of the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

From the mouth to the anus, which is 9 meters long or 30 ft.

Question 4

list the two parts of the alimentary canal:

Answer 4

• Upper Gastrointestinal tract

- Lower Gastrointestinal tract

Question 5

define mastication

Answer 5

The act of physically breaking down or chewing food.

Question 6

how do enzymes aid digestion?

Answer 6

Chemically breaks down the food and salivary amylase breaks starch into sugar.

Question 7

define deglutition:

Answer 7

the act of swallowing or the process of swallowing.

Question 8

define bolus:

Answer 8

food once it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.

Question 9

list the 4 layers of the alimentary canal:

Answer 9

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis
• serosa

Question 10

where is the mucosa located and what’s its function?

Answer 10

• the inner most layer

- to absorb and secrete

Question 11

where is the sub mucosa and what are its functions?

Answer 11

• a layer of connective tissue that supports the mucosa and connects to the muscularis
• it allows absorbed materials to pass through the mucosa.

Question 12

what is the muscularis and what is it functions?

Answer 12

• a layer of tissue connected to the submucosa

- it propels food through the canals

Question 13

what is the serosa layer and what is its layer and what is its functions?

Answer 13

• the outer most layer

- provides lubrication to reduce friction

Question 14

what does deglutition do?

Answer 14

it propels the bolus into the next stage

Question 15

what is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 15

carries food and air from the esophagus from the trachea.

Question 16

what is the esophagus and how does is aid in digestion?

Answer 16

the esophagus is a muscular tube that carries a bolus to the stomach in a wavelike motion called peristalsis.

Question 17

what protects the stomach from its own acids?

Answer 17

a layer of mucosa called gastric mucosa.

Question 18

define maceration:

Answer 18

when the bolus mixes with the gastric juices.

Question 19

what are the two side of the stomach called?

Answer 19

Lesser curvature;Greater curvature

Question 20

list the five regions is the stomach:

Answer 20

• cardia
• fundus
• body
• antrum
• pylorus

Question 21

what is the approximate length of the small intestines in adults?

Answer 21

22-25ft

Question 22

what is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 22

transform carbs, nutrients and proteins into fats for fuel.

Question 23

what’s happens in the duodenum?

Answer 23

continues to real down chyme.

Question 24

where is the jejunum located and what is its functions?

Answer 24

• middle part of the SI and is approx 8ft long.

- absorbs nutrients, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbs, and waters.

Question 25

how long is the ileum and what is its functions?

Answer 25

• ileum is the last 12 ft of the SI

- absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and products not absorbed in the jejunum.

Question 26

how long is the large intestine and what is its function?

Answer 26

• larger in width but is shorter in length.

- it is the bodies last chance to absorb things.

Question 27

what bacteria lives in the small intestine?

Answer 27

E.coli

Escherichia coli

Question 28

list the 6 sections of the Large Intestine:

Answer 28

• the ascending colon
• transverse colon
• descending colon
• cecum
• sigmoid colon
• rectum

Question 29

what is the function of the cecum?

Answer 29

absorbs the fluids and salts that did not get absorbed/ digested in the SI.

Question 30

why is the second section of the Large intestine called the ascending colon?

Answer 30

it moves the material upward or ascends it.

Question 31

what is the function of the ascending colon?

Answer 31

to absorb remaining materials left from the small intestine and form it into stool.

Question 32

where is the transverse colon and what is its function?

Answer 32

• transverse colon extends across the abdomen

- holding place while waiting to move into the sigmoid colon.

Question 33

where is the descending colon located and what is its function?

Answer 33

• descending colon extends downward from the transverse colon.
• holding place while waiting to move into the sigmoid colon.

Question 34

where is the sigmoid colon located and what is its function?

Answer 34

• located between the descending colon and the rectum.

- sigmoid colon fills with stool then pushes into the rectum.

Question 35

where is the rectum located and what is its function?

Answer 35

• the rectum is located between the sigmoid colon and the anus.
• received stool from the sigmoid colon and signals the body to go to the bathroom.

Question 36

where is the anus located and what is its function?

Answer 36

• the last or end part of the LI

- moves stool from the rectum to the anal canal.