Structure and Forces Flashcards
What are structures
An object with a definite shape or size and serves a specific purpose or function
3 types of structures
Mass
Frame
Shell
What is a Mass structure
a structure that is made by pilling a lot of materials on it with no inside
What is a Frame structure
a structure that is made by using good materials to build a skeleton and building walls around it.
What is a Shell structure
a structure that is made by using few materials to build a shell around to make cover, used to containers.
Disadvantages and advantages of mass structure
Disadvantage- very expensive, uses a lot of material, cannot go inside
Advantage- very sturdy
Disadvantages and advantages of frame structure
Disadvantage-not as stable as a mass structure
advantage-uses less materials, can go inside
Disadvantages and advantages of shell structure
Disadvantage-one small mistake breaks the entire structure
Advantage-cheap, not a lot of materials
3 examples of a mass structure
Beaver Dam
Apple
Brick wall
3 examples of a frame structure
House, Skeleton, Mushroom
3 examples of a shell structure
Leaf, Balloon, Container
What is Aesthetics
Appealing to the human eye to get someone to buy it. Making it look good.
Saftey
Making sure the margin of saftey meets its requirements to make sure it doesn’t break without knowing.
Cost
Making sure you are using materials that are good for the cost of the structure.
Materials
Making sure the materials are sturdy and won’t break fast.
What is a composite material
A material using 2 layers
ex. concrete and steel rods
What is a layered material
A material using many layers like a car windshield
What is woven materials
twisting 2 materials together to make them stronger
ex. shoe laces
Mobile vs Rigid joints
Mobile can move the joints
Rigid cannot move the joints
5 types of Rigid joints
Fasteners ex. bolts Interlocking shapes ex. lego ties ex. thread Adhesives ex. glue melting ex. welding and soldering
Welding vs Soldering
Welding is melting metals together
Soldering is adding an extra layer of metal around the other metals and melting it together.
Mass vs Force
Mass is the gravitational pull on you to the Earth measured in Newtons
Force is what you are made up of measured in Killograms or Grams
How is Mass measured
Using Balance
How is weight measured
Using a Scale
What is force
A push or pull or anything
that causes a change in the
shape or motion of an
object.
External vs Internal Forces
External a force from the outside of the structure
Internal a force from the inside of the structure
What are the 4 Internal Forces?
Shear
Tension
Torison
Compression
Describe each Internal Force
Shear - ripping ( ripping paper )
Tension - pulling ( pulling a rubber band )
Torison - twisting ( twisting a wet towl )
Compression - squishing ( stepping on carpet )
Dead load vs Live load
Dead load is the weight of the structure
Live load is the weight of objects inside the structure
4 ways materials fail
Shear
Torison
Compression/bend
Metal Fatigue
Describe each ways materials fail
Shear- weight of building causing the soil to shear
Torison- twisting can lead structures to break apart and become tangled
Compression/bending- a tin can will break or fold up when its compressed
Metal fatigue- When metal breaks from rust or too much weight on it
3 Ways designers design structures
Distribute the load through the structure
Direct the forces along angled components
Shape parts to withstand the different forces
Difference between Pillings and Footings
Pillings are meant for buildings and they are just a straight line down to reach bedrock.
Footings are meant for houses and they are an upsidedown T to hit bedrock.
Difference between loadbaring walls and partial walls
Loadbaring walls take the load of the structure
Partial walls make up rooms in the structure and don’t hold any load
What is Spin Stabilization
When something is spinning it will stay up but when its not it will fall down. Like a bike
