Structure and bonding

Question 1

What is a compound?

Answer 1

substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined

Question 2

What happens in bonding?

Answer 2

either transferring or sharing electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (shells) of atoms

in order to achieve a full outer shell (structure of a noble gas)

Question 3

What happens when atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons?

Answer 3

they form ions

Atoms that lose electrons become positively charged ions

Atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged ions.

Ions have a full outer shell

Question 4

What charge do group 1 and 7 metal ions form?

Answer 4

group 1 metals all react with non-metal elements to form ionic compounds in which the metal ion has a single positive charge (+1)

group 7 elements react with alkali metals, the halide ions have a single negative charge (-1)

Question 5

What are the properties of an ionic compound?

Answer 5

An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions

Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

These forces act in all directions in the lattice and this is called ionic bonding

Question 6

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 6

when atoms share pairs of electrons

These bonds between atoms are strong

Some covalently bonded substances consist of simple molecules such as H2, Cl2, O2, HCl, H2O

Others have giant covalent structures (macromolecules), such as diamond and silicon dioxide

Question 7

Describe the structure of a metal

Answer 7

consist of giant structures of atoms, arranged in a rgular pattern

electrons in the highest occupied energy are delocalised and a free to move throughout the whole structure