Acids, bases and salts

Question 1

How are salts created?

Answer 1

reacting acids with:

metals - although some are not enough/too reactive to make salt

insoluble bases - the base is added to the acid until no more will react, excess solid is filtered

alkalis - an indicator can be used to show when the acid and alkali have completely reacted to form a salt soln.

Question 2

How are solid salts formed from solutions?

Answer 2

salt solutions can be crystalised to produce solid salts

Question 3

How are insoluble salts formed?

Answer 3

mixing appropriate solutions of ions so that a precipitate is formed

precipitation can be used to remove unwanted ions from solutions

for example, treating water for drinking or in effluent

Question 4

What are soluble hydroxides?

Answer 4

alkalis

metal oxides and hydroxides are bases

Question 5

The particular salt produced in any reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends on…

Answer 5

the acid used (hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, sulfuric acid produces sulfates)

the metal in the base or alkali

Question 6

What does ammonia produce when dissolved in water?

Answer 6

an alkaline solution

used to produce ammonium salts (fertiliser)

Question 7

What affect do hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions have on solution?

Answer 7

H+ ions make solutions acidic

OH- makes solutions alkaline

Question 8

What happens in a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 8

hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water