Structure and Bonding

Question 1

What type of bonding occurs between metals and non-metals?

Answer 1

Ionic

Question 2

What type of bonding occurs between non-metals?

Answer 2

Covalent

Question 3

What type of bonding occurs between metals?

Answer 3

Metallic

Question 4

What type of bonding occurs in sodium chloride?

Answer 4

Ionic

Question 5

What type of bonding occurs in carbon dioxide?

Answer 5

Covalent

Question 6

What type of bonding occurs in sodium?

Answer 6

Metallic

Question 7

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 7

Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions

Question 8

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 8

The sharing of electrons between non-metals

Question 9

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 9

Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and negative electrons

Question 10

What structure are ionic compounds?

Answer 10

Ionic lattice

Question 11

Describe three properties of ionic compounds

Answer 11

High melting and boiling points, do not conduct electricity, solid at room temperature

Question 12

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 12

Ions are held together by very strong bonds, which need a lot of energy to break

Question 13

Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity?

Answer 13

Ions are held in fixed positions and cannot move

Question 14

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 14

When dissolved or molten

Question 15

What are the properties of small covalent substances?

Answer 15

Usually gas or liquid at room temperature, low melting and boiling points

Question 16

Why do small covalent substances have low melting or boiling points?

Answer 16

Weak intermolecular forces between molecules, which do not need much energy to overcome

Question 17

What are the properties of giant covalent substances?

Answer 17

High melting and boiling points, do not conduct electricity

Question 18

Why do giant covalent substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 18

Atoms are held together by very strong bonds, which need a lot of energy to break

Question 19

Which giant covalent substance is the only one to conduct electricity?

Answer 19

Graphite

Question 20

Why do covalent substances not conduct electricity?

Answer 20

There are no free electrons to carry the charge

Question 21

What is a polymer?

Answer 21

A large molecule containing a repeating unit called a monomer

Question 22

Why do polymers have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 22

Atoms are held together by very strong bonds, which need a lot of energy to break

Question 23

What is a delocalised electron?

Answer 23

An electron which is not held in an atomic shell, is free to move around

Question 24

What are three properties of metals?

Answer 24

High melting and boiling points, conducts electricity, malleable

Question 25

Why are metals malleable?

Answer 25

Layers of atoms are able to slide over each other

Question 26

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 26

Strong attraction between positive metal ions and negative electrons requrie a lot of energy to overcome

Question 27

Why do metals conduct electricity?

Answer 27

Delocalised electrons can move and carry the charge

Question 28

What is an alloy?

Answer 28

A mixture of two or more substances, one of which must be a metal

Question 29

Why are alloys stronger than pure metals?

Answer 29

The layers of atoms are distorted by the different sized atoms, these layers do not slide over each other easily

Question 30

Describe what happens to a metal atom and a non-metal atom when an ionic bond forms

Answer 30

Metal atoms lose electrons to become a positive ion. Non-metals gains electrons to become a negative ion.

Question 31

Describe what happens when one chlorine atom forms a bond with another chlorine atom

Answer 31

An electron from each atom is shared so that each atom has a complete outer shell of electrons

Question 32

Explain why most polymers are solid at room temperature

Answer 32

The atoms within polymer molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between the large polymer molecules are also quite strong