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GCSE Triple Chemistry > Structure and Bonding > Flashcards

Structure and Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the structure that ionic compounds form?

A

Giant Ionic lattice

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2
Q

What charge do metal ions have?

A

Positive

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3
Q

What charge do non-metal ions have?

A

Negative

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4
Q

What charge do Group 1 ions have?

A

1+

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5
Q

What charge do group 2 ions have?

A

2+

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6
Q

What charge Group 3 ions have?

A

3+

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7
Q

What charge do group 5 ions have?

A

3-

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8
Q

What charge do Group 6 ions have?

A

2-

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9
Q

What charge do Group 7 ions have?

A

1-

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10
Q

Are the attractions between positive and negative ions in an ionic lattice strong or weak?

A

Strong

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11
Q

What are the strong attractions between the +ve and -ve ions in an ionic lattice called?

A

Strong electrostatic forces

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12
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because they have strong electrostatic forces which require a great deal of thermal energy to break.

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13
Q

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are solids?

A

Because the ions cannot move as they are locked in place by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction, meaning they cannot carry the charge.

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14
Q

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?

A

They are no longer locked in place by electrostatic forces and therefore the ions can move and carry a charge.

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15
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged particle

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16
Q

True or False: The non-metal atom gains an electron in an ionic bond.

A

True - The non-metal atom gains the electron

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17
Q

Ions have a full …

A

Outer shell

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18
Q

Covalent bonds are formed between two…

A

Non-metal atoms

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19
Q

What do covalently bonded atoms share with each other?

A

Their electrons

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20
Q

Small covalent molecules usually have __ melting and boiling points

A

low

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21
Q

Small covalent molecules are usually what state at room temp?

A

gas or liquid

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22
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

The forces between molecules

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23
Q

What are intramolecular forces?

A

The forces between atoms in a molecule.

24
Q

Why do small covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points ?

A

Because they have weak intermolecular forces which don’t take much energy to break.

25
Q

True or false: Small covalent molecules conduct electricity

A

False

26
Q

Why do small covalent molecules not conduct electricity?

A

Because the molecules do not have an overall electric charge.

27
Q

Diamond is an allotrope of … ?

A

Carbon

28
Q

What state are giant covalent molecules at room temperature ?

A

Solid

29
Q

Why do giant covalent molecules have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because they have millions of strong covalent bonds which take lots of energy to break.

30
Q

Why can’t diamond conduct electricity?

A

There are no delocalised electrons to carry the charge.

31
Q

List two properties of graphite.

A
  • High melting and boiling point
  • Soft & slippery
  • Excellent conductor of electricity
    -Excellent conductor of heat
32
Q

Why does graphite have a high melting and boiling point?

A

It has many strong covalent bonds and it takes a lot of energy to break these bonds.

33
Q

Why is graphite slippery?

A

Graphite is arranged in layers. There are no covalent bonds between these layers so they can slide over each other.

34
Q

Why is graphite a good conductor of heat and electricity?

A

Because it has delocalised electrons that can move and conduct heat and electricity.

35
Q

Where do the delocalised electrons in graphite come from?

A

Each carbon atom forms a covalent bond with 3 other carbon atoms. Since carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell, this leaves 1 electron not in a covalent bond. This electron is released from the atom and is now delocalised.

36
Q

What is Graphene?

A

Graphene is a single layer of graphite. It is one atom thick

37
Q

Can graphene conduct electricity? Why?

A

Yes because it has delocalised electrons

38
Q

List two properties of Graphene

A
  • Excellent conductor of electricity
  • Extremely strong
39
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

40
Q

List two uses of fullerenes

A
  • Pharmaceutical delivery
  • Lubricants
  • Catalysts
41
Q

List two properties of carbon nanotubes

A
  • They have a high tensile strength
  • Excellent conductors of heat and electricity
42
Q

How are polymers made?

A

By joining together thousands of small identical molecules called monomers.

43
Q

Why do polymers have a high melting point?

A

Because the intermolecular forces of attraction between polymer molecules are relatively strong.

44
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

The strong electrostatic attractions between the negative delocalised electrons and the positive metal ions in a metal.

45
Q

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because a great deal of thermal energy is required to break the strong metallic bonds

46
Q

What makes metal good conductors of heat and electricity?

A

They have delocalised electrons that can move and carry a charge or thermal energy.

47
Q

Why can metals be bent and shaped?

A

Because the layers of atoms can slide over each other.

48
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a mixture of metals

49
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

A

The different sizes of atoms within the alloy distorts the layers, making it more difficult for them to slide over each other.

50
Q

What happens to the surface area to volume ratio if you decrease the size of a particle by ten times?

A

It increases by ten times

51
Q

Why do we only need a small amount of nanoparticles in comparison to normal particles we would need?

A

Because they have a large surface area to volume ratio

52
Q

How do you calculate the surface area to volume ratio?

A

surface area / volume

53
Q

How do you calculate the surface area of a cube?

A

base x height x no. of faces (6)

54
Q

How do you calculate the volume of a cube?

A

base x width x height

55
Q

List two uses of nanoparticles:

A

• Medicines
• Suncreams
• Cosmetics
• Deodorants
• Electronics
•Catalysts

56
Q

State a possible risk of nanoparticles

A

It’s possible that nanoparticles can be absorbed into the body and enter our cells.

GCSE Triple Chemistry (9 decks)

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