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GCSE Triple Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Crude oil?

A

A finite resource found in rocks. It is a mixture if hydrocarbons

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2
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Over millions of years from the remains of plankton which were buried in mud

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3
Q

What is a Hydrocarbon?

A

An organic molecule made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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4
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds

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5
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

Cn H2n+2

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6
Q

What is meant by viscosity?

A

The thickness of a fluid.

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7
Q

What happens to the viscosity of hydrocarbons as the size of the molecule increases?

A

It increases

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8
Q

Which is more viscous and why, methane or butane?

A

Butane because it’s molecule is larger than methane’s

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9
Q

What happens to the flammability of hydrocarbons as they get bigger?

A

It decreases

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10
Q

Which is more flammable and why, methane or butane?

A

Methane because its molecule is shorter

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11
Q

What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbons as the size of their molecules increase?

A

It increases

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12
Q

Which has a higher boiling point and why, ethane or pentane?

A

Pentane, its molecule is larger than

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13
Q

Why is methane a gas at room temperature?

A

It is a short chain hydrocarbon so it has a low boiling point, one lower than room temperature

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14
Q

What is the product of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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15
Q

Why do we separate crude oil?

A

To make use of the separate hydrocarbons

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16
Q

How do we separate crude oil?

A

By fractional distillation

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17
Q

What are the conditions of a fractionating column?

A

Hot at the bottom, cool at the top

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18
Q

At what temperature does a substance condense?

A

When it reaches it’s boiling point

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19
Q

Where will shorter chained molecules condense in a fractionating column and why?

A

At the top because they have low boiling points and it’s cool at the top

20
Q

Where will long chained molecules condense in a fractionating column and why?

A

At the bottom because they have high boiling points and it’s hot at the bottom

21
Q

What is Cracking?

A

Breaking long chain hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones

22
Q

What are the two types of cracking and the conditions required for them?

A
  • Catalytic Cracking - Low temperature, low pressure, zeolite catalyst
  • Thermal Cracking - High temperature and pressure
23
Q

What happens as the chain length of a hydrocarbon increases?

A
  • Viscosity increases
  • Flammability decreases
  • Boiling/Melting points increase
24
Q

Which is more viscous: Ethane or Hexane?

A

Hexane

25
Q

Which is more flammable: Methane or Butane?

A

Methane

26
Q

Which has a higher boiling point: Propane or Pentene?

A

Pentene

27
Q

Pentane C5H12, is cracked into ethene and one other hydrocarbon. Which one?

A

Propane C3H8

28
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

29
Q

Why do alkenes burn with a smoky flame?

A

They are more reactive than alkanes so require a rapid supply of oxygen, and therefore undergo incomplete combustion

30
Q

alkene + oxygen = ?

A

Carbon + carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + water

31
Q

Why is bromine used to test for alkenes?

A

Alkenes react in an addition reaction with Bromine and become saturated. When the bromine is used up, the solution loses its brown colour

32
Q

steam (H2O) + alkene = ?

A

Alcohol

33
Q

What is an addition polymer?

A

A polymer made from unsaturated monomers joined together in a chain

34
Q

what is the repeating unit for polyethene?

A
35
Q

What is the functional group for alcohols?

A

-OH

36
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

37
Q

Complete combustion of Methanol

A

Methanol + Oxygen => Carbon dioxide + Water

38
Q

Why are alcohol solutions neutral?

A

They don’t ionise in water

39
Q

What does the oxidisation of alcohol produce?

A

A carboxylic acid

40
Q

What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH

41
Q

What would the reaction between Ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate produce?

A

Sodium ethanoate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

42
Q

What is the functional group for esters

A

-COO-

43
Q

What ester is formed from Ethanoic Acid and Ethanol?

A

Ethyl Ethanoate

44
Q

Ethanoic acid + Ethanol =

A

Ethyl Ethanoate + water

45
Q

Why is Methanoic acid solution a weak acidic solution?

A

Carboxylic acids don’t fully ionise in water

46
Q

What is a condensation polymer?

A

One made from two different monomers, with a small molecule (usually water) formed along with the polymer

47
Q

Name two naturally occurring polymers

A

Proteins, DNA

GCSE Triple Chemistry (9 decks)

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