Structure and Bonding

Question 1

molecular substance

Answer 1

• made up of discrete molecules (non-metals )
• each molecule is a group of two or more atoms which share electrons, forming covalent bonds.
• weak intermolecular forces

Question 2

electronegativity

Answer 2

• greatest when elements need less electrons to become stable and when the valence shell is closer to the nucleus.
• The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Question 3

polar covalent bonds

Answer 3

• a bond formed by the uneven sharing of valence electrons between atoms.
• the bond is between two atoms with different electronegativity’s, where electrons will spend more time around the more electronegative element.
• this creates a partial charge on each end of the bond called a dipole.

Question 4

Dipole

Answer 4

Positive and negative charges across a covalent bond or molecule caused by a difference in electronegativity between atoms

Question 5

Endothermic reaction

Answer 5

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat

Question 6

Exothermic reactions

Answer 6

A chemical reaction that releases heat

Question 7

Ionic lattice

Answer 7

A regular, ordered arrangement of icons in three dimensions.

Question 8

Electrostatic attraction

Answer 8

The attractive force that acts between particles with an opposite electrical charge

Question 9

Melting point

Answer 9

The temp at which a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state.

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds forming a discrete particle

Question 11

Polar molecule

Answer 11

A molecule with positive and negative dipoles

Question 12

Anion

Answer 12

An atom that has gained one or more electrons and therefore has a negative charge

Question 13

Cation

Answer 13

An atom that has lost one or more electrons and therefore has a positive charge.