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Chemistry 4th form > Structure an materials > Flashcards

Structure an materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a transition metal

A

The block of elements found between group 2 and 3 of the periodic table

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2
Q

Properties of transition elements

A

Hard
strong
Dense
High melting and boiling points
Form coloured compounds
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable ductile
Less reactive than alkali metals
Have different ion charges
Used as catalyst

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3
Q

How dense is a transition metal

A

Highly dense

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4
Q

Why can transition metals be used in cars buildings and bridges.

A

Because they are resistant to corrosion (except iron)

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5
Q

What is corrosion in iron called

A

Rust

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6
Q

How reactive is transition element

A

The general trend is to decrease in reactivity from left to right across the table except for zinc and iron

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7
Q

What happens to the electrons when a transition element reacts

A

They loose them to form posotive ions

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8
Q

What transition metals only form posotive ions

A

Ag+ ion
Zn2+ ion

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9
Q

Uses of iron

A

Building materials
Tools
Vehicles
Catalyst in the haber process

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10
Q

Uses of titanium

A

Fighter aircraft
Artificial hip joints
Pipes in nuclear power stations

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11
Q

Uses of copper

A

Electric cables
Water pipes
Coins

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12
Q

Where does the word nano come from

A

The Greek word which means dwarf

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13
Q

What is 1 nanometre in a metre

A

0.000,000,001 M

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14
Q

How big is in atom in nm

A

0.001-0.01

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15
Q

How big is a nanoparticle in nm

A

1-100

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16
Q

How big is a fine particle in nm

A

100-2500

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17
Q

How big is a course particle in nm

A

2500-10,000

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18
Q

Which is bigger in a nanoparticle surface are or volume

A

There is a larger surface are to volume ratio

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19
Q

Why are the properties of a nanoparticle different

A

Because they have a high surface are to volume ratio

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20
Q

Where do nanoparticle occur

A

Naturally
Accidentally
By design

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21
Q

What can happen if you put nanoparticle on your skin

A

They can get into blood stream

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22
Q

What cosmetics are nanoparticle in

A

Sun cream deodorant medicine

23
Q

What can you add nanoparticle to

A

Polymer
Plasters
Bandages
Plastic

24
Q

What are ceramics

A

A product made essentially from a non metallic mineral by firing at a high temp

25
Q

Uses of ceramics

A

Tiles on a shuttle
LCD
X-ray and CT scanners
Catalytic converters
Plates

26
Q

What are ceramics made from

A

Ceramics are made of a variety of materials but are made from such silicate minerals as clay feldspar and quartz and talc clay is an important silicate containing significant amounts of aluminium but it is not used in all ceramic material

27
Q

Properties of ceramics

A

Hard
wear resistant
Brittle
Heat resistant
Thermal electrical insulator
Non magnetic
Chemically stable

28
Q

What is brittleness

A

Giant covalent structure
No 3 electrons
Stress breaks the crystal

29
Q

What are composite

A

Usually made of two materials
One is a matrix or binder the other is usually fibres or fragments
The binding of the fibres or fragments is called reinforcement

30
Q

Properties of composite

A

Tough
Flexible
Heat resistant
Water resistant
Waatherproof
Insulators

31
Q

Examples of composite

A

Fibreglass
Natural wood
MDF and plywood
Carbon fibre composite
Concrete

32
Q

What are organic compounds

A

They are built around carbon with a variety of different shapes and sizes

33
Q

What are some examples of organic compounds

A

Alkenes
Alkanes
Alcohol
Carboxylic acid

34
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon

35
Q

What are the different formulas hat organic compounds can be displayed as

A

Molecular formula
Structural formula
Displayed formula

36
Q

What is a molecular formula

A

Is the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

37
Q

What is a structural formula

A

Shows the minimum detail of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

38
Q

What is a displayed formula

A

The displayed formula shows the relative positioning of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule

39
Q

What does homologous series mean

A

It is used to describe compounds with similar structures and properties that can also be given a general formula

40
Q

What does functional group mean

A

What is an atom or group of atoms in a molecule that a child and chemical properties of a compound

41
Q

What ending do all alkanes have

A

-ane

42
Q

What are the order of alkanes on the number of carbons they have in them

A

1 carbon =methane
2 carbons = ethane
3 carbons = propane
4 carbons = butane
5 carbons = pentane
6 carbons = hexane
7carbons = heptane
8 carbons = octane
9 carbons = nonane
10 carbons = decane

43
Q

How many bonds do carbons have

A

4

44
Q

How many bonds do hydrogen have

A

1

45
Q

What is the general formula for the alkanes (n = carbon)

A

CnH2n+2

46
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

Saturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between the carbon atoms

47
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

It is a hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

48
Q

Is an alkene saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated because there is one double bond in them

49
Q

What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes

A

Alkenes have a double bond alkanes only have single bonds

50
Q

What ending do all Alkenes have

A

-ene

51
Q

Why do alkene not have only one carbon

A

Because they need a double bond

52
Q

What is the formula for Alkenes
N means number of carbons

A

CnH2n

53
Q

What all the order of the alkenes depending on how many carbons they have

A

The same as the alkanes apart from that is not on number one Carbon and they all end in ENE

Chemistry 4th form (6 decks)

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