Structure an materials Flashcards
What is a transition metal
The block of elements found between group 2 and 3 of the periodic table
Properties of transition elements
Hard
strong
Dense
High melting and boiling points
Form coloured compounds
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable ductile
Less reactive than alkali metals
Have different ion charges
Used as catalyst
How dense is a transition metal
Highly dense
Why can transition metals be used in cars buildings and bridges.
Because they are resistant to corrosion (except iron)
What is corrosion in iron called
Rust
How reactive is transition element
The general trend is to decrease in reactivity from left to right across the table except for zinc and iron
What happens to the electrons when a transition element reacts
They loose them to form posotive ions
What transition metals only form posotive ions
Ag+ ion
Zn2+ ion
Uses of iron
Building materials
Tools
Vehicles
Catalyst in the haber process
Uses of titanium
Fighter aircraft
Artificial hip joints
Pipes in nuclear power stations
Uses of copper
Electric cables
Water pipes
Coins
Where does the word nano come from
The Greek word which means dwarf
What is 1 nanometre in a metre
0.000,000,001 M
How big is in atom in nm
0.001-0.01
How big is a nanoparticle in nm
1-100
How big is a fine particle in nm
100-2500
How big is a course particle in nm
2500-10,000
Which is bigger in a nanoparticle surface are or volume
There is a larger surface are to volume ratio
Why are the properties of a nanoparticle different
Because they have a high surface are to volume ratio
Where do nanoparticle occur
Naturally
Accidentally
By design
What can happen if you put nanoparticle on your skin
They can get into blood stream
What cosmetics are nanoparticle in
Sun cream deodorant medicine
What can you add nanoparticle to
Polymer
Plasters
Bandages
Plastic
What are ceramics
A product made essentially from a non metallic mineral by firing at a high temp
Uses of ceramics
Tiles on a shuttle
LCD
X-ray and CT scanners
Catalytic converters
Plates
What are ceramics made from
Ceramics are made of a variety of materials but are made from such silicate minerals as clay feldspar and quartz and talc clay is an important silicate containing significant amounts of aluminium but it is not used in all ceramic material
Properties of ceramics
Hard
wear resistant
Brittle
Heat resistant
Thermal electrical insulator
Non magnetic
Chemically stable
What is brittleness
Giant covalent structure
No 3 electrons
Stress breaks the crystal
What are composite
Usually made of two materials
One is a matrix or binder the other is usually fibres or fragments
The binding of the fibres or fragments is called reinforcement
Properties of composite
Tough
Flexible
Heat resistant
Water resistant
Waatherproof
Insulators
Examples of composite
Fibreglass
Natural wood
MDF and plywood
Carbon fibre composite
Concrete
What are organic compounds
They are built around carbon with a variety of different shapes and sizes
What are some examples of organic compounds
Alkenes
Alkanes
Alcohol
Carboxylic acid
What are hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon
What are the different formulas hat organic compounds can be displayed as
Molecular formula
Structural formula
Displayed formula
What is a molecular formula
Is the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
What is a structural formula
Shows the minimum detail of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
What is a displayed formula
The displayed formula shows the relative positioning of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule
What does homologous series mean
It is used to describe compounds with similar structures and properties that can also be given a general formula
What does functional group mean
What is an atom or group of atoms in a molecule that a child and chemical properties of a compound
What ending do all alkanes have
-ane
What are the order of alkanes on the number of carbons they have in them
1 carbon =methane
2 carbons = ethane
3 carbons = propane
4 carbons = butane
5 carbons = pentane
6 carbons = hexane
7carbons = heptane
8 carbons = octane
9 carbons = nonane
10 carbons = decane
How many bonds do carbons have
4
How many bonds do hydrogen have
1
What is the general formula for the alkanes (n = carbon)
CnH2n+2
What is a saturated hydrocarbon
Saturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between the carbon atoms
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
It is a hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
Is an alkene saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated because there is one double bond in them
What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes
Alkenes have a double bond alkanes only have single bonds
What ending do all Alkenes have
-ene
Why do alkene not have only one carbon
Because they need a double bond
What is the formula for Alkenes
N means number of carbons
CnH2n
What all the order of the alkenes depending on how many carbons they have
The same as the alkanes apart from that is not on number one Carbon and they all end in ENE
