Structure Flashcards
Glucose
Dextrose, blood sugar, grape sugar, physiologic sugar
Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
Sweetening agaent
Glucose & Galactose
Aldohexose
Liquid glucose
Thick incomplete hydolysis of stach
Calcium gluconate
Electrolyte replenisher
Calcium gluceptate and levulate
Ca sources form 7C and 5C glucose derivative
Ferrous gluconate
Hematinic, iron deficiency anemia
Fructose
Levulose, fruit sugar
Fruits and honey , hydrolysis of inulin
Fructose
Ketohexose
Nature - furanose
Isolated crystalline - pyranose
Fructose
Isomerization of glucose by Streptomyces thru enzyme glucose isomerase
Diabetic, infant feeding formula, IV
Sweetest mono
Galactose
C4 epimer of glucose
Milk, neuronal fibers
Convertible to glucose
Xylose
Wood sugar
Boiles corn cobs, heart of decidous trees, dilute acids to xydralyze its polymer xylan
Diagnostic aid with intestinal malabsorption (Crohn’s disease, celiac disease)
Xylose
Aldopentose
Maltose, maltotriose
Alpha 1, 4
Sucrose
Alpha 1 beta 2
Trehalose
Alpha 1,1
Lactose ; cellulose
Beta 1,4
Starch, glycogen
Alpha 1,4 1,6
Inulin
Beta 2,1
Dextrose
Alpha 1,6
Maltrose
Diastatic fermentation of barley
Sweetener, tonicity adjuster, compt of beers
Sucrose
Table sugar, saccharum
Negative Benedicts, Fehlings, Barfoed, Tollens (2>1)
Hydrolysis > glu + fru called invert sugar
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
Sugar beet
Beta vulgaris
Limp silvers- cossettes
Sugarcane
Saccharum officinale
Sugar maple
Acer saccharum
Sucrose
A-D glucose + B L glucose
Sugarcane / sugar beet
Boiled with lime, ivert sugar and coagulate albumin, decolorize with SO2
Molasses
Sugar that cannot crystallize again
Sucrose
Demulcent, coating agent, sweetening agent, syrups, preservative, anti-oxidant
Trehalose
Brown seaweed in fungi
Glu + glu
Nonreducing
Lactose
Glu + gal
Milk of cow
Crystallization of whey, byproduct of cheese
Tablet diluent
Lactose intolerence
Lacks lactase/ B glycosidase
Diarrhea, GI disturbance
Butter
Fat globules by churning
Buttermilk
Liquid after globules unite
Skimmed milk
Milk without cream/ globules
Coagulum
Skimmed with renin/ rennet -»» cheese
Whey
Skimmed without coagulated proteins
Condensed milk
Partially evaporated milk
Malted milk
Milk evaporated with malt
Kymyss
Alcohol beverage with mare’s milk
Nomad in Asia
Lactulose
Alkaline rearrangement of tautomerization of lactose
Semi-synthetic
Laxative
Lactulose
Poorly absorbed, colon > lactic acid and acetic acid
GI irritants, high peristalsis
Lactulose
Encephalophaty
Flapping tremor
NH4+
Maltotriose
3 glucose
Dextrins
Partial hydrolysis of starch ( amylase, glucosidase)
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
X intestinal absorption of sugars
Oral hypoglycemic agent
Gentianose
Glu + glu + fru
Giantiana spp
Raffinose
Glu + gal + fru
Many seeds, cottonseed
Stachyose
Gal+ gal+ glu + fru
Stachys japonica
Oxidation
Rise to sugar acids
Reduction
Sugar alcohols
Cherry juice
Ripe juice of cherry ( Prunus cerasus)
Malic acid
Mask taste of sour drugs
Pectin, incompatible with alcohol, + 0.1% benzoic acid
Plant acids
Organic 2-6C, 2-3 carboxyl groups
Accidulants effervesence, buffer systems
Citric acid 6
Scheele lemon juice
Isocitric acid - isomer
Aconitic acid - dehydrated form
Tartaric acid 4
By product of wine
Malic acid
Apple