Structure 3.1 - The Periodic Table: Classification of Elements

Question 1

Show where metals, non-metals, and metalloids are (colours too)

Answer 1

notes on black perdiocic table

Question 2

Find and classify (which group(s) and valence electrons) alakali metals, halogens, transition elements, and noble gases

Answer 2

-Notes for physcial

Question 3

Define effective nuclear charge, across a period vs down a group plus how calculatr?

Answer 3

net charge of the atom experienced by the valance/outer electrons. As you move accors a period, the protons increase but shells stay the same, allowing the ENC to increase as the outer electrons feel a stronger pull as they move acorss the period. DOwn a group ENC stays relativly the same because the increase in protons/electrons and shells balance out the increase pull and increase of electron sheilding. Sheling is when the increase in electrons force a replulsion of the other electrons. can calulate by protons minus valance electrons

Question 4

Define atomic radius, across a period vs down a group

Answer 4

-distance from nucleus to outer e
-across a period atomic radius increases bc more protons to pull e but same amount of shell
-down a group, atomic radius decreases bc more shells to expand the physical atom and create farther distance and weaker pull form proton to outermost electrons

Question 5

Define ionic radius, positive vs negative ion

Answer 5

-distance between outmost e and nucleus
-positive ions have a smaller radius because more prtons to increase pull
-negative ions have a bigger radiu sbecase their electron repulsion spreds them apart and more orbitals, farther from neucleus
-

Question 6

Define Ionization energy, across period vs down group

Answer 6

Ionization is the required energy to remove one mole of electron from its atom in its gaseous state
-Higher efficient nuclear charge - Across a period means the atom has more protons meaning increase ionization because pull is stonger - harder to seperate
-Down a group the atom has lower ionization energy because more shells, less pull from protons meaning easier to remove electrons from orbitals

Question 7

Define Electron Anffinity acorss vs down

Question 8

Define electronegitivty, across vs down