Structure

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

a group of similar cells working together to perform a specofic function

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

Organisation of 2+ tissues with specific functions

Question 3

Organ system

Answer 3

Several organs working together to perform complex functions necassary for the organisms survival

Question 4

Microvilli

Answer 4

On apical surface
Cytoplasmic extentions

Question 5

Sterovilli

Answer 5

long microvilli

Question 6

Cillia

Answer 6

Cytoplasmic processes that beat in synchrony

Question 7

Tight junctions

Answer 7

Type of cell to cell adhesion
On lateral surface towards the apical

Prevents movement of larger molecules between cells into deeper layers

Question 8

Adhesion junctions

Answer 8

Type of cell to cell adhesion found in endo/epi thelial cells
Tissue stabalising factor
Additional transport barrier

Question 9

Desmosome

Answer 9

Strongest cell adhesion
Found in tisssues with intense mechanical stress
Provides mechanical strength and prevents tissue destruction
Found half way up cell

Question 10

Gap Junction

Answer 10

Type of cell to cell adhesion
Allows free movement of small molecules between cells
Quickly communicates changes in cells
In cardiac and smooth muscle cells for contraction

Question 11

Cell adhesion

Answer 11

CAMs
Collection of proteins on cell surface necassary for the process by which cells adhere to the extracellular matrix, one another and their surroundings

Question 12

Hemidesmosome

Answer 12

On Basal surface of epithelial cells
Attaches intermediate fibres to the basal lamina whihc attaches to connective tissue

Question 13

Focal Adhesion

Answer 13

Anchors actin filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

Question 14

Musocal membrane

Answer 14

Moist inner lining of organs and body cavities
Role is lubrication, pathogen prevention and dehydration
Secrete mucus

Question 15

Epithelium

Answer 15

Thin, continuous, protective layer of cells that cover the inside and outside of the body, inc. body vessels
Derived from the germ layers

Question 16

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 16

Scale like
Found in alveoli and blood vessel lining
Facilitates gas and small molecule exchange

Question 17

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 17

Found in the stomach and intestine lining
Rectangular shape
Absorbs nutrients and moves contents of lumen

Question 18

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 18

Contains a singular centeral nucleus
Allows for secretion so found in glands and ducts

Question 19

Stratified squamous epithelial
Non keratinised

Answer 19

Contains multiple layers of cells
outside layer are squamous

Protects aganist abrasion
Reduces water loss
E.g in vagina

Question 20

Transitional epithelium

Answer 20

Surface cells vary in shape - columnar/cuboidal to flattened
Can be streches or relaxed

Question 21

Stratified squamous epithelial
keratinised

Answer 21

Same as non except outer most are squamous with no nuceli and cornified
greatly reduces water loss and prevents abrasion, toxin ingress and microbial colonialism

Question 22

Pseudostratified epithelia

Answer 22

tissues in which all cells make contact with basement membrane but not all cells make contact epithelial cell surface
Nuclei lay at different levels
e.g lines conducting airways
Often have cillia
Can secrete mucus, trap and remove particles,

Question 23

Serous membrane

Answer 23

Thin, two part membranes that line closed body spaces - envelope the viscera
line the pericardial sac and peritoneum

Question 24

Goblet cells

Answer 24

secrete mucous

Question 25

Club or Clara cells

Answer 25

Protect bronchioles and act as stem cells for respiritory epitheleim

Question 26

Microfold cells

Answer 26

Allows rapid sampling of gut microflora In gut Transfer info for antigen presentation by trapping particles and presenting to macrofages

Question 27

Sterocilla

Answer 27

In auditory system, converts pressure waves into electrical signals

Question 28

Venepuncture

Answer 28

Taking blood to perform a smear

Question 29

Pipelle

Answer 29

Taking sample from uterus lining

Question 30

Trephine

Answer 30

Needle sample for bone marrow

Question 31

Transvascular

Answer 31

Insert a wire or catheter into a blood vessel, travel via vessels to target site and take sample

Question 32

Connective tissue

Answer 32

A tissue that connects, supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs Made up of cells, fibres, ground substance

Question 33

Fibroblasts

Answer 33

Produces and secretes fibres and extracellular matrix Large nuclei Separates collagen and elastin Main connective tissue cells

Question 34

Mast cells

Answer 34

Release histamine Inflammatory mediator Found near blood vessels in connective tissue

Question 35

Macrophague

Answer 35

Immune cells responsible for phagocytosing pathogens etc Some can be fixed

Question 36

Myofibroblasts

Answer 36

Contains actin and myosin Responsible for wound contraction after tissue loss

Question 37

type 1 collagen

Answer 37

90% of all collagen Contains fibres and fibre bundles

Question 38

Type 2 collagen

Answer 38

No fibre present in hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 39

Type 3 collagen

Answer 39

AKA reticulin Fibrils form fibres around muscle, nerve, and adipose tissues Make up reticular fibres

Question 40

Type 4 collagen

Answer 40

Present in basement membrane

Question 41

Ground substance

Answer 41

Key component of extracellular matrix Fills the space between cells and fibres Medium for transport Made of Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Question 42

Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 42

Long unbranched polysaccharides that attract water Make ground substance gel-like

Question 43

Proteoglycans

Answer 43

Attached to GAG chains to trap water Make G Substance viscous

Question 44

Glycoproteins

Answer 44

Help cells adhere to the Extracellular membrane

Question 45

Fascia

Answer 45

Made up of fibrous connective tissue Layer below fat Contains bundles of collagen fibres, consequently flexible