STRUCTURE

Question 1

INTRODUCTION

Answer 1

1. Quote
2. Link to Quote
   - who speaker is, why his views relevant, link to subject matter
3. Definitions
4. Lines of Argument
   - discuss thesis & anti-thesis broadly
5. Stand

Question 2

BODY PARAGRAPH

Answer 2

1. Topic Sentence
   - traits & characteristics, paraphrase 50% question
2. Elaboration
3. Examples
4. Explanation
5. Concluding Statement
   - slight paraphrase of topic sentence

Question 3

BODY PARAGRAPH (Elaboration)

Answer 3

• often, …
• tellingly, …
• it is precisely…
• indeed, …
• of course, …
• in fact, …
• this encourages…
• needless to say, …
• in principle, … however, in reality, …
• more significantly, …
• importantly / crucially, …
• in these circumstances, …

Question 4

BODY PARAGRAPH (Examples)

Answer 4

• credence from this view can be found in / observed from…
• this view is robustly supported by…
• a sterling example of this can be found in…
• this stance can be encapsulated in…
• a compelling example is seen from how…

Question 5

BODY PARAGRAPH (Explanation)

Answer 5

• this aptly demonstrates…
• this exemplifies the importance of…
• this perfectly encapsulates…
• such an incident demonstrates…
• this portrays how…
• this reflects the importance of…
• this underscores how…
• this elucidates how…

Question 6

BODY PARAGRAPH (Concluding Statement)

Answer 6

• thus, a compelling / forceful / persuasive argument can be made that…
• taking into account the foregoing / aforementioned points, it is only logical to conclude that…
• hence, even a hardened cynic would be forced to concede that…
• therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that…

Question 7

COUNTERARGUMENT

Answer 7

• detractors / proponents / opponents of… / optimists / pessimists / some may argue that…
• there are, of course, exceptions…
• admittedly, in certain scenarios, …
• it must nonetheless be acknowledged that…

Question 8

REBUTTAL

Answer 8

1. FALSIFYING CA
   - that said, these detractors are too parochial in their outlook because…
   - still, these detractors are overly optimistic / pessimistic as…
   - nonetheless, even taking this argument at its strongest, it is more important to remember…
   - nevertheless, they are too naive to assert such an argument because…
   - however, they are misrepresenting / mischaracterising the issue because…
2. CONFINING CA TO AN EXCEPTION
   - however, such an argument is the exception rather than the rule as such situations are few and far between as…
   - that said, such situations are few and far between as… it would be illogical to adopt this myopic argument wholly based on certain exceptional scenarios.
   - that said, it is crucial to zoom out to gain a broader perspective and recognise that such happenings are few and far between and are not representative of stereotypical behaviours / occurrences.

Question 9

CONCLUSION

Answer 9

1. sum up main points
2. paraphrase overall stand
3. thought-provoking insight / fresh perspective

Question 10

CONCLUSION (Insight)

Answer 10

• strike a balance between two opposing tensions
• argue that two competing ideas are actually two sides of the same coin
• argue against a monolithic definition
• cultural relativism
• deontologist vs consequentialist
• attack subjective terms
• criticise the feasibility of a proposed solution
• link the conclusion back to the introduction in an insightful manner

Question 11

CONCLUSION (Link to Introduction)

Answer 11

• quote > reference quote
• comment on historical development of the concept > elaborate on a possible future development of the concept
• comment on a recent / latest development on an issue > comment on the impact of the development on society and the world
• analogy > continue analogy
• comment on an ongoing controversy / debate > comment how this may be resolved
• comment on the defining features / enduring qualities of a value / an idea > comment on the obstacles / challenges that may threaten / undermine its continuing existence