Structural techniques Flashcards
What is repeating a word at the start of consecutive sentences, and what effect does this have?
eg. We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the hills
Anaphora
-creates a rhythm
-establishes a pattern, giving emphasis to the repeated element
-adds unity and power to the words
What is repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses, and what effect does this have?
eg. Where now? Who now? When now?
Epiphora (Epistrophe)
-provides emphasis to the repeated element
-creates a rhythm that enhances the pleasure of reading and makes the message more memorable
What is a word/phrase is repeated, with a word or phrase shoved in between, and what effect does this have?
eg. It is what it is. To be or not to be?
Diacope
-emphasize a particular word or phrase
What is a word/group of words located at the end of one clause/sentence + repeated at the beginning of the following clause/sentence, and what effect does this have?
eg. Strength through purity, purity through faith
Anadiplosis
-allows for continuity in thought, emphasis
-provide a connection between two otherwise separate thoughts
What is a repetition in which a word is repeated immediately for emphasis, and what effect does this have?
eg. Oh, horror, horror, horror
Epizeuxis
-provides strong emphasis to the repeated word or phrase, often expressing strong emotion
What is words that evoke strong emotions, and what effect does this have?
eg. heartbreaking, devastating, joyful
Emotive language
-connects with the audience
-making them feel sympathy, anger or joy
What is saying the same thing twice, sometimes using different words, and what effect does this have?
eg. It was an unexpected surprise (surprise is always unexpected)
Tautology
-emphasises a point
-makes something stronger
-creates rhythm
What is hinting at future events, and what effect does this have?
eg. The dark clouds gathered on the horizon…
Foreshadowing
-builds suspense
-makes the reader anticipate what will happen next
What is a question asked to make a point, rather than get an answer, and what effect does this have?
eg. Do you think money grows on trees?
Rhetorical question
-provokes thought and emphasises a point
-can make the text more engaging and interesting
-can also add drama to the text
What is when a writer raises a question and then immediately answers it, and what effect does this have?
eg. What did I tell you? No shoes in the house
Hypophora
-emphasises the key points
-can make the text more engaging and interesting
-can also add drama to the text
What is a rhetorical device that consists of three parallel elements, and what effect does this have?
eg. I came, I saw, I conquered
Tricolon
-it creates a sense of balance, rhythm, and emphasis
-making the point more memorable
-rule of three
What is an emotional, exclamatory phrase used in poetry, drama, or song, and what effect does this have?
eg. Oh my God!! or Look out!
Ecphonesis
-creates emphasis
-conveys strong emotions
-draws attention to the sentiment being expressed
What is a sentence is deliberately broken off and left unfinished (use of “—” or “…”), and what effect does this have?
eg. Or else I’ll- or How could you…?
Aposiopesis
-creates suspense, dramatic effect, or leaves something unsaid
-engage the reader’s imagination
What is an expression of doubt or uncertainty, often posing a question or showing indecision, and what effect does this have?
eg. I don’t know how I ended up here. What should I do now?
Aporia
-shows confusion or wonder
-engages the audience, makes them reflect dilemma
-can make the text more engaging and interesting
-can also add drama to the text.
What is a rhetorical device where two or more clauses are reversed or mirrored in structure, and what effect does this have?
eg. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you
Chiasmus
-adds balance, symmetry, and emphasis by reversing the order of words or ideas
