*Structural Systems & Building Construction Types Flashcards
What are dead loads?
dead loads are usually permanent, non-movable loads. Examples are the weight of the building, including the floor, pillars, or roofing structure. These are sometimes also referred to as static loads.
What are gravity loads?
Gravity loads are loads that exert their force downwards, like gravity.
What are live loads?
Loads that are non-permanent, movable loads, such as people, furniture, and equipment (like a dense filing system), and other more specific types such as lateral and dynamic loads.
What are lateral loads?
Loads that exert force from natural occurrences, like wind and earthquakes (seismic), or even explosions. These usually exert force in more directions than downwards.
What are dynamic loads?
Loads created from impacts include moving/stopping elevators, snow loads, or a car driving across a bridge. The difference is that these forces change more quickly than static or other types of live loads.
Explain a beam-and-girder system
The main difference between a girder and a beam is the size of the component.
The chief horizontal support in a structure is called a girder. The minor horizontal structural supports are beams.
Explain an open web steel joist system
Open web steel joists are an engineered, truss-like construction component used to support loads over short and long spans.
They are typically used in non-residential construction. Steel joists and girders provide an economical system for supporting floors and roofs.
Explain cast-in-place concrete
Sometimes referred to as “poured-in-place,” this type of concrete is mixed at a concrete plant or on-site and delivered in a liquid state. It is then poured into a mold or form on-site. This is often considered the most traditional style,
Explain precast concrete
Precast concrete is cast and cured off-site and shipped to the construction site as individual units.
They are most often used because of their shorter lead times and increased durability.
Precast units are used in low to mid-rise buildings like apartments, offices, and even hotels.
Explain post-tensioning concrete
Post-tensioning is a method of reinforcing concrete or other materials with high-strength steel strands or bars. These are referred to as tendons.
Post-tensioning allows for longer clear spans, thinner slabs, fewer beams, and more slender, dramatic elements.
Common type of construction for bridges and parking garages.
Hourly rating of fire resistances for assemblies such as floors, walls, ceilings, columns, beams, and similar buildings elements is determined by…
ASTM E 119
What is a fire barrier?
a vertical or horizontal assembly that is fire-resistance rated and is designed to restrict the spread of fire, confine fire to limited areas, and/or afford safe passage for protected egress
Used for:
- stairways, horizontal exits, and incidental spaces.
- To separate different occupancies in mixed occupant situations
Must continue from floor slab to the underside of the floor or roof slab above
the type of fire-resistive classification where single layers of finish material are rated according to…
ASTM E84
Curtains, draperies, hangings, and other decorative materials suspended from the wall or ceiling must be flame resistant and meet the flame propagation performance criteria according to…
NFPA 701
If a slab is post-tensioned it should not be penetrated for pipes or conduit. True or False?
True
