Structural Organization In Animals

Question 1

Jensen brothers built what in which year?

Answer 1

Microscope in 1590

Question 2

Galileo modified what in which year

Answer 2

Microscope in 1610

Question 3

Robert Hooke (physicst and mathemetcian) discovered what

Answer 3

Cork cells of an oak plant

Compartments- “cellula” (hollow space)

Question 4

Volume of cellula 1 inch3

Answer 4

125 971 2000

Question 5

Area of cellula 1 inch2

Answer 5

166 400

Question 6

Length of cellula 1inch3

Answer 6

1980

Question 7

Anton von leewenhawk observed what under the microscope

Answer 7

Bacteria in 1674

Question 8

Robert Hooke wrote the observations of the compartments “cellula” in which book

Answer 8

Micrographia chapter XVIII (18) - “Birth of cell biology”

Question 9

Robert Brown discovered

Answer 9

Nucleus in the root cells of orchid (1831)

Question 10

Dujardin observed semifluid material under the microscope and named them

Answer 10

Sarcode (1836)

Question 11

Who rechanged the name sarcode (semifluid material outside the nucleus) to protoplasm

Answer 11

Purkuije (1839)

Question 12

“Protoplasm is the physical basis of life”

Answer 12

Huxley

Question 13

Protoplast fusion

Answer 13

Potato + tomato=pomato

Brinjal + potato=bomato

Question 14

What happened in 1855

Answer 14

Discovery of cell membrane schwann
Rudolf virchow (German physicist) modified cell theory

Question 15

What is cytology

Answer 15

Branch of biology deals with structure and morphology of the cells

Question 16

Cell biology

Answer 16

1665
It deals with the overall structure of the cell including their biochemistry physiology development along with morphology

Question 17

Matthias Schleiden German botanist

Answer 17

1838 plant cells tissue

Question 18

Theodore Schwann British zoologist

Answer 18

(1839) Animal cell surrounded by thin plasma membrane without cell wall

Question 19

When did Schwann and schwann inform their cell theory

Answer 19

1839

Question 20

Who modified cell theory / principle principle / cell doctrine

Answer 20

Rudolf virchow 1855 (German physicist)
“Omnis cellula e cellula”
New cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 21

Smallest cells

Answer 21

Mycoplasma 0.3 um

Question 22

Size of bacteria

Answer 22

Could be 3 to 5 um

Question 23

Size of eukaryotic cell

Answer 23

10-20 um

Question 24

Size of RBC

Answer 24

7 um

Question 25

Size of virus

Answer 25

0.02-0.2 um

Question 26

Shape of RBC

Answer 26

Round / biconcave

Question 27

shape of WBC

Answer 27

Amoeboid

Question 28

Shape of mesophylls

Answer 28

Round and oval

Question 29

Shape of neutron

Answer 29

Elongated and branched

Question 30

shape of tracheids

Answer 30

Elongated and pointed

Question 31

DAPA

Answer 31

Diaminopimelic acid

Question 32

Gram staining technique discovered by

Answer 32

Christian Gram

Question 33

Pilli

Answer 33

``` Long and wide 1-4 gram-negative tubular 12-15nm ```

Question 34

Fimbrae

Answer 34

``` Short and narrow 300 to 400 gram positive and negative Bristle 3-10nm ```

Question 35

Universal cell organelle

Answer 35

Ribosome

Question 36

Smallest organelle

Answer 36

Ribosome

Question 37

Palade particle

Answer 37

Discovered by George Palade 1953

Question 38

S in ribosome

Answer 38

Svedberg unit | Density / size

Question 39

The term cell membrane was given by

Answer 39

Nageli and Crammer(1855)

Question 40

Sandwich model of plasma membrane

Answer 40

Daniel and Davson 1935

Question 41

Plasma membrane unit membrane model

Answer 41

Given by Robertson 1959

Question 42

Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane

Answer 42

Singer and nicolson (1792) | Most acceptable model

Question 43

Golgi body in which year by who where when why

Answer 43

Given by camillo Golgi in nerve cell in owl 1898

Question 44

Animal Golgi body

Answer 44

Golgi complex

Question 45

Plant Golgi body

Answer 45

Autozone

Question 46

Lysosome

Answer 46

By Christian de duve Single membraneous Lysosome shows polymorphism

Question 47

Mitochondria discovered by

Answer 47

Kolliker (1880) striated muscle of insect | Has its own ribosome (70s)

Question 48

Vital stain for observing mitochondria

Answer 48

Janus green

Question 49

Shape of mitochondria

Answer 49

Cylindrical / sausage | Size 0.1-4 um

Question 50

Maximum number of mitochondria

Answer 50

In flight muscles of birds

Question 51

Please number of mitochondria

Answer 51

Yeast only one

Question 52

1 ATP gives _________ energy

Answer 52

34 KJ

Question 53

The term plastid was given by

Answer 53

Ernest haeckel

Question 54

Types of plastid

Answer 54

Leucoplast-colourless (grana absent chlorophyll absent) Chromoplast-yellow orange red Chloroplast-green

Question 55

Types of leucoplast

Answer 55

Amyloplast Starch, potato, rice, wheat Aleuroplast Maize, protein Elaioplast Oil, castor, groundnut

Question 56

***Nucleus discovered by Robert Brown 1831 in root cells of orchid (which centre****) **Imp

Answer 56

Control centre of the cells | Fruit by hammerling experiment onnulla unicellular algae acetabularia

Question 57

Animal cells contain another non membrane bound organelle is called _________ which helps in cell division

Answer 57

Centriole

Question 58

Cells that have membrane bound nuclei are called

Answer 58

Eukaryotic

Question 59

Cell that lacks a membrane bound nucleus are called

Answer 59

Prokaryotic

Question 60

The longest cells

Answer 60

Nerve cells

Question 61

Largest isolated single cell

Answer 61

Egg of an ostrich

Question 62

Uninucleate examples (2)

Answer 62

Human cell, plant cell

Question 63

Example of binucleate

Answer 63

Opalina

Question 64

Examples of anucleate (2)

Answer 64

RBC (mature) seive tube

Question 65

Name the parts of nucleus (4)

Answer 65

Nuclear membrane (karyotheca) Nucleoplasm Nucleolus Chromatin

Question 66

Karyotheca

Answer 66

Outer boundary of the nucleus Is of two types Endo karyotica-(smooth) inner nuclear membrane Ectokaryotheca- outer nuclear membrane (rough)

Question 67

Nucleoplasm

Answer 67

It is transparent semi solid colloidal substance which contains chromatin and nucleolus

Question 68

Nucleolus

Answer 68

``` Discovered by Bowmann Term given by fontana Non membrane structure Found by condensation of chromatid Nucleus involved in Rrna synthesis ```

Question 69

Four regions of nucleolus

Answer 69

Granular region fibrillar region amorphous region nucleolar associated chromatid

Question 70

Chromatin

Answer 70

Discovered by Fleming Contains histone protein and DNA ALSO CONTAINS RNA AND HISTONE PROTEINS Chromatin condenses to form chromosome

Question 71

Size of nucleus

Answer 71

10^-6 m=1um

Question 72

Size of chromosome

Answer 72

1400 nm

Question 73

Length of DNA

Answer 73

2.2 m

Question 74

Types of chromosome on the basis of position of centromere

Answer 74

Metacentric Submetacentric Acrocentric Telocentric

Question 75

Three types of microbodies and where they are found

Answer 75

PEROXISOME Discovered by De Duve Present in both plant and animals Origion- ER ``` GLYOXYSOME Discovered by Beevan and ToolBirt Only in plant cells Origin-ER Example: fatty germinating seeds castor, groundnut ``` SPHEROZOME Discovered by parnar Origin- SER Found in endospermic seeds

Question 76

What are viruses composed of

Answer 76

Nucleoprotein particles

Question 77

Another non membrane-bound organelle in the animal cells which helps in cell division

Answer 77

Centriole

Question 78

Small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA in prokaryotic cells are called

Answer 78

The smaller DNA are called plasmids

Question 79

Name some photosynthetic prokaryotes

Answer 79

Cyanobacteria | Purple bacteria

Question 80

The detailed structure of the plasma membrane was studied only after the invention of ______________

Answer 80

Electron microscope in a 1950

Question 81

Size of tubules

Answer 81

50 to 110 um