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Botany > Structural Organization In Animals > Flashcards

Structural Organization In Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Jensen brothers built what in which year?

A

Microscope in 1590

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2
Q

Galileo modified what in which year

A

Microscope in 1610

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3
Q

Robert Hooke (physicst and mathemetcian) discovered what

A

Cork cells of an oak plant

Compartments- “cellula” (hollow space)

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4
Q

Volume of cellula 1 inch3

A

125 971 2000

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5
Q

Area of cellula 1 inch2

A

166 400

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6
Q

Length of cellula 1inch3

A

1980

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7
Q

Anton von leewenhawk observed what under the microscope

A

Bacteria in 1674

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8
Q

Robert Hooke wrote the observations of the compartments “cellula” in which book

A

Micrographia chapter XVIII (18) - “Birth of cell biology”

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9
Q

Robert Brown discovered

A

Nucleus in the root cells of orchid (1831)

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10
Q

Dujardin observed semifluid material under the microscope and named them

A

Sarcode (1836)

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11
Q

Who rechanged the name sarcode (semifluid material outside the nucleus) to protoplasm

A

Purkuije (1839)

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12
Q

“Protoplasm is the physical basis of life”

A

Huxley

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13
Q

Protoplast fusion

A

Potato + tomato=pomato

Brinjal + potato=bomato

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14
Q

What happened in 1855

A 
Discovery of cell membrane schwann
Rudolf virchow (German physicist) modified cell theory
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15
Q

What is cytology

A

Branch of biology deals with structure and morphology of the cells

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16
Q

Cell biology

A

1665
It deals with the overall structure of the cell including their biochemistry physiology development along with morphology

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17
Q

Matthias Schleiden German botanist

A

1838 plant cells tissue

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18
Q

Theodore Schwann British zoologist

A

(1839) Animal cell surrounded by thin plasma membrane without cell wall

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19
Q

When did Schwann and schwann inform their cell theory

A

1839

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20
Q

Who modified cell theory / principle principle / cell doctrine

A

Rudolf virchow 1855 (German physicist)
“Omnis cellula e cellula”
New cells arise from preexisting cells

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21
Q

Smallest cells

A

Mycoplasma 0.3 um

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22
Q

Size of bacteria

A

Could be 3 to 5 um

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23
Q

Size of eukaryotic cell

A

10-20 um

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24
Q

Size of RBC

A

7 um

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25
Q

Size of virus

A

0.02-0.2 um

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26
Q

Shape of RBC

A

Round / biconcave

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27
Q

shape of WBC

A

Amoeboid

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28
Q

Shape of mesophylls

A

Round and oval

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29
Q

Shape of neutron

A

Elongated and branched

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30
Q

shape of tracheids

A

Elongated and pointed

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31
Q

DAPA

A

Diaminopimelic acid

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32
Q

Gram staining technique discovered by

A

Christian Gram

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33
Q

Pilli

A 
Long and wide 
1-4 
gram-negative 
tubular 
12-15nm
34
Q

Fimbrae

A 
Short and narrow 
300 to 400 
gram positive and negative 
Bristle
3-10nm
35
Q

Universal cell organelle

36
Q

Smallest organelle

37
Q

Palade particle

A

Discovered by George Palade 1953

38
Q

S in ribosome

A

Svedberg unit

Density / size

39
Q

The term cell membrane was given by

A

Nageli and Crammer(1855)

40
Q

Sandwich model of plasma membrane

A

Daniel and Davson 1935

41
Q

Plasma membrane unit membrane model

A

Given by Robertson 1959

42
Q

Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane

A

Singer and nicolson (1792)

Most acceptable model

43
Q

Golgi body in which year by who where when why

A

Given by camillo Golgi in nerve cell in owl 1898

44
Q

Animal Golgi body

A

Golgi complex

45
Q

Plant Golgi body

46
Q

Lysosome

A

By Christian de duve
Single membraneous
Lysosome shows polymorphism

47
Q

Mitochondria discovered by

A

Kolliker (1880) striated muscle of insect

Has its own ribosome (70s)

48
Q

Vital stain for observing mitochondria

A

Janus green

49
Q

Shape of mitochondria

A

Cylindrical / sausage

Size 0.1-4 um

50
Q

Maximum number of mitochondria

A

In flight muscles of birds

51
Q

Please number of mitochondria

A

Yeast only one

52
Q

1 ATP gives _________ energy

53
Q

The term plastid was given by

A

Ernest haeckel

54
Q

Types of plastid

A

Leucoplast-colourless (grana absent chlorophyll absent)
Chromoplast-yellow orange red
Chloroplast-green

55
Q

Types of leucoplast

A

Amyloplast
Starch, potato, rice, wheat

Aleuroplast
Maize, protein

Elaioplast
Oil, castor, groundnut

56
Q

Nucleus discovered by Robert Brown 1831 in root cells of orchid (which centre*)

**Imp

A

Control centre of the cells

Fruit by hammerling experiment onnulla unicellular algae acetabularia

57
Q

Animal cells contain another non membrane bound organelle is called _________ which helps in cell division

58
Q

Cells that have membrane bound nuclei are called

A

Eukaryotic

59
Q

Cell that lacks a membrane bound nucleus are called

A

Prokaryotic

60
Q

The longest cells

A

Nerve cells

61
Q

Largest isolated single cell

A

Egg of an ostrich

62
Q

Uninucleate examples (2)

A

Human cell, plant cell

63
Q

Example of binucleate

64
Q

Examples of anucleate (2)

A

RBC (mature) seive tube

65
Q

Name the parts of nucleus (4)

A

Nuclear membrane (karyotheca)
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
Chromatin

66
Q

Karyotheca

A

Outer boundary of the nucleus

Is of two types

Endo karyotica-(smooth) inner nuclear membrane

Ectokaryotheca- outer nuclear membrane (rough)

67
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

It is transparent
semi solid
colloidal substance which contains chromatin and nucleolus

68
Q

Nucleolus

A 
Discovered by Bowmann
Term given by fontana
Non membrane structure
Found by condensation of chromatid
Nucleus involved in Rrna synthesis
69
Q

Four regions of nucleolus

A

Granular region
fibrillar region
amorphous region
nucleolar associated chromatid

70
Q

Chromatin

A

Discovered by Fleming
Contains histone protein and DNA
ALSO CONTAINS RNA AND HISTONE PROTEINS
Chromatin condenses to form chromosome

71
Q

Size of nucleus

A

10^-6 m=1um

72
Q

Size of chromosome

73
Q

Length of DNA

74
Q

Types of chromosome on the basis of position of centromere

A

Metacentric
Submetacentric
Acrocentric
Telocentric

75
Q

Three types of microbodies and where they are found

A

PEROXISOME
Discovered by De Duve
Present in both plant and animals
Origion- ER

GLYOXYSOME
Discovered by Beevan and ToolBirt
Only in plant cells
Origin-ER
Example: fatty germinating seeds castor, groundnut

SPHEROZOME
Discovered by parnar
Origin- SER
Found in endospermic seeds

76
Q

What are viruses composed of

A

Nucleoprotein particles

77
Q

Another non membrane-bound organelle in the animal cells which helps in cell division

78
Q

Small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA in prokaryotic cells are called

A

The smaller DNA are called plasmids

79
Q

Name some photosynthetic prokaryotes

A

Cyanobacteria

Purple bacteria

80
Q

The detailed structure of the plasma membrane was studied only after the invention of ______________

A

Electron microscope in a 1950

81
Q

Size of tubules

A

50 to 110 um

Botany (4 decks)

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