Structural Organisation Flashcards
What is the simplest level of structural organisation of the body?
The Chemical Level
Atoms combine to make molecules here.
The Chemical Level
Molecules are groups of
Atoms
The smallest structural unit, the smallest structural level
Cells, Cellular Level
Similar cells join together at this level
Tissue Level
The four basic tissue types are
Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nervous
A discrete structure composed of at least 2 tissue types, to perform a specific function
Organ
A number of organs working together to accomplish a common goal
Organ System
The highest level of structural organisation. The sum total of all structural levels working together, to promote life.
Organism
The 2 ‘structural’ organ systems
Integumentary & Skeletal
The organ system that allows ‘movement’
Muscular
How many organ systems are there?
11
How many categories of organ system are there?
6
The 3 ‘exchange’ organ systems
Digestive, Urinary/Renal, Respiratory
The 2 ‘communication’ systems
Nervous & Endocrine
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Secretion of hormones
The organ system responsible for ‘reproduction’
Reproduction
The 2 organ systems that are all about ‘transport’
Lymphatic and Cardiovascular
The main functions (4) of the integumentary system
Covering, protection, sensory receptors, temperature regulation
The main functions (4) of the skeletal system
Supports/protects, framework for movement, formation of blood cells, storage of minerals
The main functions (2) of the muscular system
Movement, heat production
The main functions (2) of the digestive system
Metabolism, eliminates waste
The main functions (3) of the lymphatic system
Immunity (houses white blood cells), recovers fluid, disposes of debris
The main functions (2) of the urinary/renal system
Elimination of waste, regulation of water/electrolyte/acid-base balance in blood
The main functions (2) of the nervous system
Body control, responds to internal/external changes
The main functions (2) of the cardiovascular system
Transports and pumps blood
The main functions (2) of the endocrine system
Secretion of hormones, regulates growth/reproduction/nutrient use
The main functions (3) of the respiratory system
Keeps blood oxygenated, removes carbon dioxide, acid-base balance
Describe the hierarchy of organisation of the human body
Chemical, molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Define homeostasis
Name the key organs of the integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails
Name the key organs of the skeletal system
Cartilage, bones, joints
Name the key organs of the muscular system
Skeletal muscles, tendons
Name the key organs of the digestive system
Stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine
Name the key organs of the urinary system
Kidneys, urinary bladder
Name the key organs of the lymphatic system
Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
Name the key organs of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries
Name the key organs of the respiratory system
Nasal passage, trachea, lungs
Name the key organs of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Name the key organs of the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels
Name the key organs of the reproduction system
Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, testes, epididymis (penis)
What are the main functions of the cell membrane?
Physical barrier.
Selective permeability.
Communication.
