Structural levels of the body

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Surrounds and protects the cell, regulates what passes in and out (permeability)

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Controls operations of cell, directs division (reproduction) and determines structure/function of cell

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

All material outside the nucleus and enclosed by cell membrane. Carries work of cell and contains apparatus to supply chemical needs of cell

Question 5

Process: anabolism

Answer 5

Process of building up complex materials (proteins, amino acids) to form simpler parts. Supports growth of new cells

Question 6

Process: catabolism

Answer 6

Chemical process where complex food is broken/burned down into simpler substances and energy is released. Provides energy for cells to do work of body.

Question 7

Process: metabolism

Answer 7

Anabolism and catabolism make this. The total chemical process occurring in a cell.

Question 8

Muscle cell

Answer 8

Long and slender. Contains fibers that contract and relax.

Question 9

Epithelial cell

Answer 9

Square and flat. A lining of skin cells that provide protection.

Question 10

Nerve cell

Answer 10

May be long and have various fibrous extensions. Carries impulses.

Question 11

Fat cell

Answer 11

Large/round empty spaces for fat storage. Provides cushioning and protection.

Question 12

Epithelial tissue

Answer 12

Located all over body, forms lining of internal organs and outer surface of skin. Also lines exocrine and endocrine glands.

Question 13

Tissue

Answer 13

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

Question 14

Muscle tissue: voluntary

Answer 14

Found in arms and legs and in body where movement is under conscious control.

Question 15

Muscle tissue: involuntary

Answer 15

Found in heart and digestive system where movement is not consciously controlled.

Question 16

Connective tissue

Answer 16

Forms the framework for body, holds organs in place, and connects body parts. Includes: Adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones), bone and blood.

Question 17

Organs

Answer 17

Groups of tissues that perform a special function. Viscera=internal organs

Question 18

Organisms

Answer 18

Cell parts of body functioning together to form living individuals.

Question 19

Systems

Answer 19

Groups of organs that perform more complicated functions

Question 20

Chromosomes

Answer 20

In nucleus, contains genetic instructions. 23 pairs= genes.

Chrom/o= color, -somes= body

Question 21

Karyotype

Answer 21

Chromosomes map that determines genetic defects. Ex: Down syndrome is determined by looking at 21st gene for a 3rd chromosome.

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

In the cytoplasm. Produces energy for the cell through catabolism.

Question 23

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

In cytoplasm. Tunnel-like system where proteins build up from small to large molecules.