Structural heart disease Flashcards
What is ventricular septal defect? What are the symptoms?
Hole in septum between ventricles
Fatigue, sweating, SOB, pulmonary hypertension
What is atrial septal defect? What are the symptoms?
Hole in septum between atria
Less common than VSD
What 4 conditions are included in Tetralogy of Fallot?
- VSD
- Overriding aorta
- Right ventricular & septal hypertrophy
- Pulmonary valve stenosis
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the aorta
What is aortic stenosis? What auscultation sound can be heard?
Narrowing of the aortic valve due to leaflet fibrosis and calcification
Systolic ejection murmur
At what age does aortic stenosis present?
70-90
What is aortic regurgitation? What auscultation sound can be heard?
Diastolic leakage of blood from aorta to LV due to incompetence of aortic valve leaflets
Diastolic murmur
What are the common causes of aortic regurgitation?
Aortic root dilation (due to connective tissue disorders e.g. Marfan’s, Ehlers-Danlos)
Rheumatic heart disease
Infective endocarditis
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve
What are the common causes of aortic stenosis?
Calcium buildup
Rheumatic heart disease
Congenital heart disease
What are the management options for aortic stenosis?
Valve replacement
Ionotropes/vasodilators
What is mitral stenosis? What auscultation sound is heard?
Narrowing of mitral valve, obstructing blood flow from LA to LV
Diastolic murmur
What are the most common causes of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic heart disease
Carcinoid syndrome
Amyloidosis
What are the management options for mitral stenosis?
Balloon valvotomy
Diuretic
Valve replacement
What is mitral regurgitation? What auscultation sound is heard?
Abnormal reversal of blood flow from LV to LA
Systolic murmur
What are the most common causes of mitral regurgitation?
Mitral valve prolapse
Rheumatic heart disease
Infective endocarditis
