structural geology

Question 1

FORCE applied to an object

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

Rock experiences equal stress from all directions

Answer 2

cinfining stress

Question 3

Squeezes rocks together causing folds or fractures

Answer 3

compressional stress

Question 4

Forces pull in the opposite direction

Answer 4

tensional stress

Question 5

Parallel forces move in opposite direction

Answer 5

parallel stress

Question 6

Rocks deform by bending or breaking

Answer 6

strain

Question 7

Occurs slowly, continuously, and in low stress conditions

Answer 7

elastic deformation

Question 8

Permanent deformation when rock breaks

Answer 8

fracture

Question 9

Rock fractures with no evidence of movement

Answer 9

joints

Question 10

Rock fractures with evidence of movement

Answer 10

faults

Question 11

block moves left

Answer 11

SINISTRAL MOTION

Question 12

block moves right

Answer 12

DEXTRAL MOTION

Question 13

Hanging wall moves downward

Answer 13

normal fault

Question 14

Hanging wall moves upward

Answer 14

reverse fault

Question 15

Fault plane has a low dip angle of less than 45 degrees

Answer 15

transverse fault

Question 16

Blocks of rock or crust are bounded by normal faults

Answer 16

horst and graben

Question 17

Drops down and creats valley

Answer 17

graben

Question 18

rise up and become areas of higher topography

Answer 18

horst

Question 19

Occur when horizontal strata are bent upward so that the two limbs of the fold are still horizontal

Answer 19

monocline

Question 20

• Arch-like, or A-shaped folds that are convex-upward in shape.
• Have downward curving limbs and beds that dip down and away from the central fold axis.

Answer 20

anticline

Question 21

Have beds that dip down and in toward the central fold axis.

Answer 21

syncline

Question 22

The oldest rocks are exposed at the center, and rocks dip away from this central point

Answer 22

dome

Question 23

The youngest rocks are at the center, and the rocks dip inward towards the center

Answer 23

basin

Question 24

If the hinge is horizontal

Answer 24

non plunging fold

Question 25

the hinge is tilted

Answer 25

plunging fold

Question 26

the response of the lithosphere depending on its strength or stress fields causing the strain.

Answer 26

lithosphere rheology

Question 27

Deformation up to some yield strength (the elastic limit) is non-permanent

Answer 27

elastic behavior

Question 28

resist deformation up to a certain yield stress, or yield strength

Answer 28

plastic behavior

Question 29

Viscosity measures resistance to deformation, specifically that caused by flow.

Answer 29

viscous behavior

Question 30

This the compass direction of the line that form at the intersection of the plane and an imaginary horizontal plane

Answer 30

strike

Question 31

This is the angle at which plane is inclined relative to the horizontal

Answer 31

dip

Question 32

the process of mountain-building, typically through the tectonic forces and movements of the Earth’ s lithosphere.

Answer 32

oreogenesis