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Geology > Sedimentary > Flashcards

Sedimentary Flashcards

1
Q

Formed from, pre existing rock

A

Sedimentary rock

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2
Q

Process of sedimentary rock

A

Rock and minerals -> weathering -> sediments-> erosion/ transportation-> deposition/ sedimentation -> diagenesis/lithification -> SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

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3
Q

Chem or physical process that change the characteristics of rock on the earth’s surface

A

Weathering

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4
Q

Type of weathering that rocks are broken dowm into smaller pieces

A

Physical weathering

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5
Q

Physical wethering are common in

A

Cold and dry areas

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6
Q

Freezing and thawing of water

A

Frost wedging

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7
Q

Peeling away of large sheet of loosen material at the surface of the earth

A

Exfoliation

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8
Q

It is the process of friction caused by scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, and rubbing away of materials.

A

Abrasion

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9
Q

Weathering by plants

A

Biological activity

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10
Q

Rock change into another substance by reacting with a chemical

A

Chemical weathering

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11
Q

Type of chemical weathering that oxygeninteracts causing things such as rusting

A

Oxidation

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12
Q

Type of chemical weathering that water interacts through absorption

A

Hydration

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13
Q

Type of chemical weathering that water mixes with CO2

A

Carbonation

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14
Q

When a carbonic acid dissolves creating caverns and caves

A

Karst topography

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15
Q

all material between fresh bedrock and the ground surface, including weathered bedrock, deposits and soil

A

Ragolith

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16
Q

-Combination of rock, minerals and organic matter
- a product of weathering

A

Soil

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17
Q

Transportation of rocks

A

Erosion

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18
Q

Primary agent of erosion

A

Water

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19
Q

Organic material in soil

A

Humus

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20
Q

The base of the soil profile

A

Bedrock

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21
Q

Organic matter and soil life

A

Surface/top soil

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22
Q

Materials that bounced along the substrate

A

Bedload

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23
Q

Clast moved by rolling along the bottom of the ait flow and water flow

A

Rolling

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24
Q

Particles moves on a series of jumps, periodically leaving the bed surface and carried short distances within the fuild before returning to bed again

A

Saltration

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25
Q

Materials carried in suspension

A

Suspended loa

26
Q

Materials carried as dissolves solids

A

Dissolve loads

27
Q

Laying down of sediments

A

Deposition

28
Q

Sediment particles is sorted based on their sizes and density

A

Sorting

29
Q

Layering of sedimentary rock

A

Stratification

30
Q

layers are squeezed together and any water mixed in with the sediments is forced out.

A

Compaction

31
Q

Turing solid rock into sediments

A

Weathering

32
Q

How long does it take to complete a sedimentary rock

A

A million years ago

33
Q

Compacting of the layers of the rocks

A

Cementation

34
Q

Converting sediments into sedimentary rock

A

Lithification

35
Q

process by which sedimentary rocks are altered after they are deposited, but before they are buried and lithified

A

Diagenesis

36
Q

Mud

A

Mudstones and shale

37
Q

Sand

A

Sandstone

38
Q

Gravel

A

Conglomerate

39
Q

Made from the broken fragments of the other rock cemented together by a mineral

A

Clastic sedimentary rock

40
Q

Particle:
Boulder and cobble

A

Conglomerate

41
Q

Particle:
Pebble and granule

A

Breccia

42
Q

Particle:
Sand

A

Sandstone

43
Q

Particle:
Silt and clay

A

Shale, mudstone,siltstone

44
Q

Made up of rounded or sub rounded pebbles

A

Crudaceous rocks

45
Q

Made up of mostly sands

A

Arenaceous rocks

46
Q

Made up of clay size sediments
Example: shale

A

Argillaceous rocks

47
Q

Components are precipitates from dissolved load

A

Non clastic rocks

48
Q

Formed by chemical precipitation

A

Chemical sedimentary rocks

49
Q

Made up of carbonate

A

Limestone

50
Q

Give atleast 3 types of limestone

A

Chalk, tufa, crystalline limestone, coquina, grainstone, marl

51
Q

It is not have a salty taste and softer than a rocksalt

A

Rock gypsum

52
Q

Gypsum is an example of

A

Evaporites

53
Q

Formed by the eveaporation of water and precipitation of dissolved minerals

A

Evaporites

54
Q

It is formed from the precipitation of silica rich solutions in various environments

A

Chert

55
Q

Chert is made up of

A

Quartz

56
Q

Form limestone that deposited by mineral rich hotspring or geyser

A

Travertine

57
Q

Examples of evaporite

A

Halite, gypsum, anhydrite

58
Q

Type of sedimentary rock that is from the remains of the living things

A

Organic sedimentary rock

59
Q

Example of organic sedimentary rock

A

Coal, chalk

60
Q

Clast is rounded

A

Conglomerate

61
Q

Clast is angular

A

Breccia

Geology (6 decks)

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