Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GASTROINTESTINAL > Structural & Functional Organization of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Structural & Functional Organization of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

what two groups of organs make up the digestive system

A

Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal

Accessory digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal

A

continuous tube from mouth to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the organs in the Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal

A

Mouth

Pharynx

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

z

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the organs of the accessory digestion

A

teeth

tongue

salivary glands

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

z

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the intrathoracic region contains what

A

Liver (solid)

Gallbladder ( solid but contained)

Spleen

Stomach (Hallow)

Transverse colon (hallow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the true abdomen region contains what

A

Small intestine

large intestines

liver, lower portions

bladder

Female:

Uterus Fallopian tubes

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the retroperitoneal abdomen located , what separates it from other regions

A

behind the thoracic and true portions of abdomen

retroperitoneal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what organs are included in the retroperitoneal region

A

S - suprarenal (adrenal glands)

A - Aorta+ inferior vena cava

D - Duidenum

P - Pancreas

U - Ureters

C - Colon ascending and descending

K - Kidneys

E - Esophagus

R - Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

z

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the basic functions of digestion

A

ingestion

secretion

mixing and propulsion

digestion

absorption

defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the four types of distinct layers of tissue throughout the esophagus anus

A

mucosa

submucosa

muscularis

serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what gastrointestinal tract. tissue is the innermost lining of the GI tract and in direct contact with the substances passing through

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what gastrointestinal tract tissue is made up of areolar connective tissues that binds and the mucosa to the musularis. Also contains blood and lymphatic vessels which absorb food molecules as they are broken down.

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what gastrointestinal tract tissue contains skeletal (voluntary) muscles and smooth (involuntary) muscles

A

muscularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what gastrointestinal tract tissue made up of two sub layers

A

Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two sub layers of the serosa

A

Visceral Peritoneum

Parietal Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many pairs of salivary glands are there

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the three pairs of Salivary glands

A

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of the salivary gland

A

produce saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does saliva contain that kills bacteria protection the mouth from infection and tooth decay

A

Lysozomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the midline mucous membrane fold underneath the tongue that limits the movement of the tongue posteriorly

A

Frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what begins the digestion of starch in the mouth

A

Salivary Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is a funnel shaped tube located at the posterior end of the oral cavity lined with mucous membrane and is comprised of skeletal muscle

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the pharynx is divided into 3 branches what are they

A

Nasopharynx

oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the muscular tube lined with stratified squamous epithelium and lies posterior to the trachea

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where does the esophagus begin and end

A

Start = pharynx

end = stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what sphincter is at the begin and end of the esophagus

A

Upper Esophageal sphincter

lower Esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the function of the esophagus

A

transport food while mixing it with mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the phases of swallowing

A

Voluntary

Pharyngeal

Esophageal

32
Q

discribe the voluntary phase of swallowing

A

tongue moves food to the oropharanx

33
Q

describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A

begins inthe oropharynx

breathing is interrupted

soft palate and uvula close nasopharynx

epiglottis seals off the larynx

upper esophageal sphincter relaxes and bolus moves to esophagus via peristalsis

34
Q

describe the esophageal phase of swallowing

A

begins esophagus

lower esophageal sphincter relaxes and food moves to stomach

35
Q

where is the pancreas located

A

retroperitoneal

behind the stomach

36
Q

pancreatic juice is made up of what enzymes

A

trypsin

chymotrypsin

pancreatic amylase

pancreatic lipase

ribonuclease

37
Q

trypsin and chymotrypsin digest

A

protein

38
Q

pancreatic amylase digest what

A

starch / carbohydrate

39
Q

pancreatic lipase digest what

A

triglyceride (fat)

40
Q

ribonuclease digest what

A

nucleic acid digestion

41
Q

what is the second largest organ located just below the diaphragm

A

liver

42
Q

what is the liver responsible for

A

carbohydrate metabolism

lipid metabolism

protein metabolism

processing of the drug hormones

excretion bilirubin

storage of vitamins and minerals

activation of vitamin D

43
Q

what are the major functional cells of the liver that preform metabolic secretory and endocrine functions

A

hepatocytes

44
Q

what is the pear shaped sac that hangs from the inferior margin of the liver

A

gallbladder

45
Q

what are the functions of the gallbladder

A

sore bile to release to small intestine

aids in chemical digestion, especially in fats

46
Q

bile and waste from the liver and gallbladder travel through series of ducts to where

A

doudoneum

47
Q

describe the pathway of bile and waste secreted by the liver and gallbladder

A

liver passes bile and waste through left/right hepatic duct

gallbladder through the cystic duct

secretions and waste from both join in the common bile duct

common bile duct joins pancreatic duct to form the the hepatopancreatic duct

Sphincter oddi controls contents from hepatopancreatic duct to duodenum

48
Q

what is the segment of the GI tract that comes after the stomach

A

small intestine

49
Q

how long is the small intestine

stretched out how long is the small intestine

A

3m (10ft)

6.5,m (12ft)

50
Q

what are the cells that secrete hormones into the blood stream by the intestinal glands

A

S cells

CCK Cells

K Cells

51
Q

S cells secrete what to stimulate pancreatic juices

A

Secretin hormone

52
Q

CKK cells secretes what to regulate gastric emptying, stimulate bile and pancreatic juices secretion relaxation of the sphincter of oddi and feeling of satiety

A

Cholecystokinin

53
Q

K cells secretes what to stimulate the release of insulin

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

54
Q

what 3 segaments is teh small intestine divided into

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

Illeum

55
Q

where does the duodenum attache to the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

56
Q

what connects the duodenal and jejunal, and denotes the upper and lower GI bleeds

A

ligament of trientz

57
Q

what is the middle of the stomach called

A

jejumum

58
Q

the jejunum predominant function in the absorbtion of what

A

sugar

amino acids

fatty acids

59
Q

what attaches the large intestine at the ileocecal sphincter valve

A

Ileum

60
Q

what part of the large intestine absorbs remaining nutrients, b12, and bile

A

Ileum

61
Q

where does most digestion and absorption happen in the GI tract

A

Small intestine

62
Q

the digestion in the small intestine via what two mechanisms

A

mechanical

chemical

63
Q

mechanical digestion in the small intestine is accomplished how

A

segmentation and peristalsis

64
Q

chemical digestion is the small intestine is accomplished how

A

pancreatic enzymes, bile, and intestinal juice

65
Q

what absorbed molecules broken down in the small intestine

A

microvilli

villi

66
Q

what is the largest part of the GI tract

A

Large intestine

67
Q

what are the four regions of the large intestine

A

cecum

colon

rectum

Anal canal

68
Q

what is the first segment of the large intestine and is where the appendix attaches

A

cecum

69
Q

the colon is broken into what portions

A

ascending

transverse

descending

sigmoid

70
Q

what connects the sigmoid colon to the anus

A

rectum

71
Q

the last 2-3 cm of the rectum consisting of internal and and external sphincters is called what

A

anal rectum

72
Q

what are the functions of the small intestine

A

main function - Poop bag

completes absorption

absorbs vitamins produced by healthy gut bacteria (vitamin B & K)

forms feces

73
Q

what are the three phases of digestion

A

cephalic

Gastric

intestinal

74
Q

when does the gastric phase begin

A

when food enters the stomach

75
Q

when does the intestine phase begin

A

when food enters the small intestine

GASTROINTESTINAL (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions