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Extractor > Structural Collapse > Flashcards

Structural Collapse Flashcards

1
Q

What is the single most important function for a proper and effective response to structural collapse incidents?

A

Planning

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2
Q

What 2 key injuries does PPE protect?

A
  1. lung injuries from dust
  2. hearing damage from noises
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3
Q

Caring for or doing maintenance on assigned PPE is in accordance to what?

A

Per manufacturers specifications

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4
Q

What are the type of gloves used for collapse structure operations?

A

Leather work gloves

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5
Q

What two key factors pertain to foot protection?

A

Steal toed and steel shank

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6
Q

Concerning face and eye protection, what is required during operations?

A

safety goggles and glasses

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7
Q

Concerning face and eye protection, ANSI Z87 for oxyacetylene or gasoline-fueled cutting operations, eye protection with a shade rating of (what) is required?

A

3.0

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8
Q

Concerning face and eye protection, ANSI Z87 requires exothermic devices to have a shade rating of (what) for cutting operations.

A

5.0

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9
Q

Consider safety considerations, what does LACES stand for?

A

Lookouts
Awareness
Communications
Escape Routes
Safe Zones

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10
Q

Consider rescue team hydration, each team member should consume at least how many ounces of water?

A

8 to 12 ounces

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11
Q

Consider rescue team rotation. Rotate teams on a regular basis– on heavy work periods some teams need to rotate how often?

A

Every 15-30 min

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12
Q

Consider personal hygiene, what type of liquids and food can civilian couterpats only eat?

A

Only properly prepared and stored liquids and food.

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13
Q

Consider rescue team rotation. It is important to provide rescuers in the rehabilitation area with what three needs?

A
  1. Shelter
  2. Rest
  3. Food & Drink
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14
Q

Considering Command resources, what are considered subject matter experts?

A

Structural Engineers
Mechanical engineers
and Heavy equipment operators

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15
Q

What are the five phases in the response to a structural collapse incident? (ASSSG)

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Surface victim removal
  3. Search all accessible areas
  4. Selected debris removal
  5. General debris removal
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16
Q

What are the technical references for the operations/ command post area?

A

ERG, SOG, FOG, blue prints, and unit SOP

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17
Q

What are three key important factors of the rehabilitation area (REHAB)?

A
  1. Located away from the incident site.
  2. Located in the cold zone.
  3. and used for personnel needs.
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18
Q

What is another key area for consideration concerning structural collapse areas?

A

Logistics area

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19
Q

Considering scene security and protection, what can be used for scene security?

A

Guards, jersey barriers, caution tape, and emergency vehicles to control crowds.

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20
Q

What must be controlled to allow for personnel accountability and control?

A

Access at entrance and exit points.

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21
Q

Considering zones, what is a Hot Zone?

A

The zone where rescue is taking place.

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22
Q

Define a Size Up:

A

Informs the command of the situation with available resources or if they will need additional resources and mutual aid.

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23
Q

What are the three hazards rescuers need to be aware of?

A
  1. Physical
  2. Environmental
  3. Atmospheric
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24
Q

What hazard are high-noise levels classified as?

A

Environmental Hazards

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25
Q

Considering the sides of a building, what is considered the most dangerous side?

A

Top

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26
Q

Considering the sides of a building, what is considered the second most dangerous side?

A

Bottom

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27
Q

Who developed the building marking system?

A

FEMA

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28
Q

When should a structure hazards evaluation be carried out?

A

Before the search assessment

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29
Q

What are the three levels of risk concerning structure hazard evaluation?

A

Low, medium, and high risk

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30
Q

What does a low-risk hazard signal look like?

A

Box with no other markings

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31
Q

What does a medium-risk hazard signal look like?

A

Box with a diagonal line across

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32
Q

What does a high-risk hazard signal look like?

A

Box with big X accross it.

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33
Q

Considering FEMA hazard markings, what does the “arrow” indicate?

A

Safe entry

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34
Q

Considering FEMA hazard markings, what does the “HM” indicate?

A

Hazardous Material

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35
Q

Considering victim markings, what would a marking look like that describes a confirmed deceased victim?

A

V, with a horizontal line

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36
Q

Considering a “light-frame wood” construction of a building, what is the principal weakness?

A

The lateral strength of the walls and connections.

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37
Q

What key areas should be checked concerning “light-frame” structures?

A

Badly cracked or leaning walls

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38
Q

Is a secondary collapse more or less likely with a light-frame multistory building?

A

More

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39
Q

What is defined as “light metal construction?”

A

Light gage steel buildings

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40
Q

What should rescuers be looking for when inspecting hazards with a light metal construction?

A

Broken, elongated, and/or buckled rod bracing and connections.

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41
Q

Considering building triage, what can indicate how much and what types of equipment will be needed to move debris?

A

The size of the structure and type of construction.

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42
Q

How often is the pre-designed schedule for the natural tendency of rescue specialists to stop at each building and “solve the problem?”

A

5 to 10 minutes per building with frequent check-in with the team leader

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43
Q

Considering building occupancy, how many units are a school per classroom?

A

20-25

44
Q

Considering building occupancy, how many units are hostpitals per bed?

A

1.5

45
Q

Considering building occupancy, how many units are residential per bedroom?

A

2

46
Q

Considering building occupancy, how many units in an office building per parking space?

A

1.5

47
Q

What three key indicators must be identified concerning occupancy?

A
  1. Structure type
  2. Collapse Mechanism
  3. Time of day
48
Q

Consider the survivability profile, when is the greatest chance for survival to occur?

A

Within the first 24 hours

49
Q

Considering the survivability profile, victims are most likely to survive in what three locations?

A
  1. Collapse voids
  2. Access corridors
  3. Basements
50
Q

What are the four types of physical searches?

A
  1. Hasty
  2. Secondary
  3. Hailing/ Listening
  4. Pattern
51
Q

What is defined as a hasty search?

A

Quick and efficient

52
Q

What is defined as a secondary search?

A

Systematic redundant checks

53
Q

What does a rescuer need to do prior to a hailing and listening type search?

A

Direct other rescuers to stop all noise in the area.

54
Q

What does a pattern search avoid?

A

Avoids overlapping

55
Q

What do thermal imagers use to produce an image?

A

temperature

56
Q

What can’t thermal imagers NOT see through?

A

Walls

57
Q

What is the survival rate for victims found within the first hour?

A

91%

58
Q

What is the survival rate for victims found within the first 24 hours?

A

81%

59
Q

Considering medical concerns; what is defined as an extreme decrease in body temperature?

A

Hypothermia

60
Q

Considering medical concerns; what is defined as an extreme loss of blood volume?

A

Hypovolemia

61
Q

Considering medical concerns, what syndrome is also called “grateful dead?”

A

Crush syndrome: (4) hours with absent blood flow to injured areas.

62
Q

Considering selected debris removal, what is the cost-to-benefit ratio used for?

A

evaluating the danger to rescuers vs. live victim rescue.

63
Q

Considering selected debris removal, in what order should debris be removed?

A

Top toward the bottom.

64
Q

What type of Removal uses heavy equipment?

A

General debris removal

65
Q

Considering lifting and moving operations, what two types of simple devices can be used to provide a mechanical advantage?

A

Levers and incline planes

66
Q

What class lever is used when a load is located at one end of the lever and the lifting force is placed at the other end? (Lifting up)

A

Class 1

67
Q

What class lever is used when a fulcrum at on end of the lever, a load in the middle, and a force on the other end? (Moving objects horizontally)

A

Class 2

68
Q

Considering “gravity” and its relationship to lifting, what is defined as the point at which the whole weight of an object is acting vertically downward?

A

Center of gravity

69
Q

What location on an object is it very important to hoist from?

A

Center of gravity

70
Q

What is the purpose of “crib beds?”

A

Support and stabilization

71
Q

What is the purpose of a shim?

A

Used to snug up a load, fill in voids, or change the angle of thrust.

72
Q

Never build a crib bed higher than (what number) times the length of the cribbing in use?

A

3 times the length of the cribbing in use.

73
Q

Considering “lifting increments”, how many inches at a time should we lift in short controlled increments?

A

2”- 4”

74
Q

What weight capacity can a 4x4 crib hold?

A

24,000 lbs (12 tons)

75
Q

What weight capacity can a 6x6 crib hold?

A

60,000 lbs (30 tons)

76
Q

What is considered the strongest crib?

A

Solid crib stack

77
Q

What type of cribbing is needed to keep a height-to-width ratio with a 1:1 ratio?

A

Angled cribbing

78
Q

Considering Pneumatic Airbags, what range of sizes do they come in?

A

6”x6” to 36”x36”

79
Q

Are pneumatic airbags used to stabilize?

A

No

80
Q

What is the range of inflation pressure (PSI) of pneumatic Airbags?

A

116-145 psi

81
Q

Consider pneumatic airbags; you should never stack bags more than how high?

A

Never stack more than two high.

82
Q

How many lifting points do round or cylindrical-shaped objects require?

A

Two lifting points

83
Q

Considering rollers and runners, what are “Pickets” made from?

A

Cold rolled steel

84
Q

What is the weight of concrete per cubic foot?

A

150 lbs

85
Q

What is the weight of wood per cubic foot?

A

35 lbs

86
Q

What is the weight of steel per cubic foot?

A

490/500 lbs

87
Q

What is the formula to calculate the weight of a square or rectangular concrete slab?

A

L x W x H x (unit weight)

88
Q

What is the formula to calculate the weight of a Round Cylinder?

A

Pi x r (squared) x L x (unit weight)

89
Q

What should you always do before breaching or creating an entry?

A

Create a small hole to determine if a victim is close to the area of entry

90
Q

Shoring should be considered and installed before cutting and what other actions?

A

Removal of more than two studs or joists.

91
Q

Considering tools and equipment, what are three evaluation criteria that will aid in the assessment process in choosing the proper tools for the job? (PWP)

A
  1. Performance
  2. Weight
  3. Power sources
92
Q

Considering a Saw tool, diamond-segmented blades are used for what material?

A

Concrete or masonry

93
Q

Considering a Saw tool, carbide-tipped blades are used for what material?

A

Wood

94
Q

Considering a Saw tool, abrasive blades are used for what material?

A

Cutting steel

95
Q

What shape cut is used for light frame wood or metal structures?

A

Rectangle

96
Q

What shape cut is used for Masonry or concrete?

A

Circle or Triangle

97
Q

True or False?
The foundation of a light-frame structure will be either a flush foundation on a concrete slab or a raised foundation on a cripple wall?

A

True

98
Q

Floor joists are usually located every what length of the center?

A

12” to 16”

99
Q

Roof joists are usually located every what length of the center?

A

16” to 24”

100
Q

Ordinary concrete can withstand pressures of what range?

A

3,000 to 5,000 psi

101
Q

Super concrete can withstand pressures of what range?

A

20,000 psi

102
Q

What are the three basic options for dealing with structural collapse or falling hazards?

A
  1. Avoid it
  2. Remove it
  3. Shore it
103
Q

What is considered the most important structural element?

A

Load bearing walls

104
Q

What location should shoring start on in rescue operations occurring in wood or lightweight steel-frame structures?

A

At least one (1) floor below the floor with damage.

105
Q

What location should shoring start on in rescue operations occurring in concrete structures?

A

At least three (3) good floors below the level with structural damage.

106
Q

What are the three shore classifications?

A

Class 1. T-shore
Class 2. 2-post vertical
Class 3. Laced post shore

107
Q

What are the two most common wood types used in shoring operations?

A

Douglas fur & Southern pine

Extractor (4 decks)

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