STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MSK SYSTEM Flashcards
Two hip bones that are each composed of
(1) Ilium
(2) Ischium
(3) Pubis
Which part of the hip bone is the largest, most superior portion
Ilium
Which portion of the hip bone is the “sit bone”
Ischium
Which portion of the hip is the lower anterior portion
pubis
What forms the socket for the head of the femur
Acetabulum
what is Formed by articulation of the ischium and pubis
Obturator Foramen
Largest foramen in the body
Obturator Foramen
What muscle Flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Psoas major
What muscle Flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Iliacus
What muscle Extends and rotates thigh laterally
-Helps lock knee in extension
Gluteus maximus
What muscle Abducts and rotates thigh medially
Gluteus medius
What muscle Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint
-Helps lock knee in extension
Tensor fascia latae`
What muscle Adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh at hip joint
Adductor longus
What muscle Adducts, flexes, rotates, and extends thigh at the hip joint
Adductor magnus
What muscle External rotation of thigh laterally and abducts
Piriformis
What muscle Flexes and adducts thigh
Pectineus
Strongest bone in the body.
Femur
The femur Articulates with the
patella and tibia at distal end
Head articulates with the acetabulum
Develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Patella
Functions of the Patella
(a) Provides leverage for the quadriceps muscle
(b) Protect the knee
Larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Tibia
Attachment site for the patella ligament
Tibial tuberosity
None weight bearing bone in the lower leg
Fibula
How does the fibula attach to the tibia
via the interosseous membrane
(1) Extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity
(2) Strengthens anterior surface of the knee
Patellar ligament
What ligament Strengthens the medial aspect of the knee
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
What ligament Strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
What ligament
(1) Extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to femur
(2) Limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
What ligament
(1) Extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur
(2) Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
fibrocartilage discs that fit between tibial and femoral condyles
Menisci (Medial and lateral menisci)
Sac filled structures filled with fluid and reduce friction
Bursae
Where in the knee can you find bursae
(c) Prepatellar
(d) Pen anserine
(e) Infrapatellar
(f) Suprapatellar
What muscle
(1) Adducts and medially rotates thigh
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Gracilis
What muscle Adduct the femur
Adductor magnus / adductor longus / pectineus
What muscle
(1) Extends the knee
(2) Flexes the hip
(a) Located anterior to other quadriceps muscles
Rectus feoris
What muscle Extend the knee
Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
What muscle
(1) Flexes the knee
(2) Weakly flexes the hip
(3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh
Sartorius
What muscle
(1) Extends thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes the leg at the knee joint
Biceps femoris (hamstrings)
What muscle
(1) Extends the thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Semitendinosis
What muscle
(1) Extends the thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Semimembranosis
What forms the ankle mortis
(1) Formed by distal end of tibia and fibula
(2) Tibia forms the medial malleolus
(3) Fibula forms the lateral malleolus
What are the seven bones of the ankle
(1) Large talus (ankle bone)
(2) Calcaneus (heel bone)
(3) Cuboid (lateral)
(4) Navicular (medial)
(5) Cuneiforms (numbered 1-3 medial to lateral)
(lateral ankle)
What ligament Extends from talus to fibula
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
(lateral ankle)
What ligament Extends from calcaneus to fibula
Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
(lateral ankle)
What ligament Extends from talus to fibula
Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
(medial ankle)
What ligament
(a) Four ligaments fused into one
(b) Connects the tibia to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones
Deltoid ligaments
Which muscle Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
Tibialis anterior
Which muscle
(1) Dorsiflexes and everts the foot
(2) Extends toes
Extensor digitorum longus
Which muscle Plantar flexes and everts foot
Fibularis longus
Which muscle
(1) Plantarflexes foot
(2) Flexes leg at the knee
Gastrocneumius
Which muscle Plantarflexes foot
Soleus
Which muscle Plantarflexes and inverts foot
Tibialis posterior
Which muscle
(1) Plantarflexes foot
(2) Flexes toes
Flexor digitorum longus
