STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
the functions of the skeletal system.
Support Protection Movement Mineral Homeostasis Blood Cell Production Triglyceride Storage
types of bones
(1) Long bones: longer than wide
(a) Such as thigh, leg, arm, fingers, toes
(2) Short bones: almost cube shaped
(a) Most wrist and ankle bones
(3) Flat bones: thin and extensive surface
(a) Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
(4) Irregular bones: do not fit in the above categories
(a) Vertebrae, facial bones
Parts of a long bone
(a) Diaphysis
1) The shaft
(b) Epiphyses
1) Ends of the long bone
(c) Metaphyses
1) Contains the “growth plate” (epiphyseal plate)
2) Located between the shaft and end of bone
bone building cells
Osteoblasts-
what maintains bone
Osteocytes
Digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover
Osteoclasts
Points of contact between bones
Joints
Types of joints
1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous
3) Synovial
Type of joint
no cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue
Fibrous
Type of joint
no cavity, bones are held together by cartilage
Cartilaginous
Type of joint
have synovial cavity and many other components such as
ligaments
Synovial
Examples of fibrous joints:
1) Sutures
a) Located in the skull between bones of the skull (1Add strength to the joint
2) Interosseous membrane
a) Dense irregular tissue between long bones
(1 Radius-ulna
(2 Tibia-fibular
Structure of Synovial Joints:
1) Synovial cavity: space containing fluid
2) Articular cartilage
3) Ligaments
4) Synovial membrane
5) Accessory ligaments
6) Articular discs (menisci)
a) Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly
7) Bursae
a) Sacs that contain synovial fluid
b) Located where friction can occur- decrease friction
Hinge joints
1) Convex to concave surfaces
a) Allow flexion and extension only
a. Composed of connective tissue
b. Found throughout the skeletal system
ligaments.
function of ligaments.
connect bone to bone
d. Ligaments are commonly injured by spraining or tearing of ligaments.
Tough band of fibrous connective tissue
Very dense and more capable of withstanding tension.
tendons.
function of tendons.
connect muscle to bone
(1) Skeletal muscle contracts and moves bones via tendons
Covers ends of bones
cartilage.
function of cartilage.
b. Absorbs shock
c. Reduces friction
(1) Cartilage is in the joint, but it is not a cartilaginous joint.
function and locations of bursa.
a. Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement.
(1) Between the skin and bone
(2) Between tendons and bones
(3) Between muscles and bones
(4) Between ligaments and bones
type of muscular tissue
(a) Mostly movement of bones/body parts
(b) Stabilize body positions
Skeletal
type of muscular tissue
(a) Heart only
(b) Develops pressure for blood flow
Cardiac
type of muscular tissue
Largely located in GI tract
Smooth
Together these muscle systems have four major functions
(1) Produce body movements
(2) Stabilize body positions
(3) Store and move substances
(4) Produce heat
Type of Movement:
decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Flexion:
Type of Movement:
increase in angle between articulating bones
Extension:
Type of Movement:
Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind
the anatomical plane
Hyperextension:
Type of Movement:
movement of bone away from the midline
Abduction:
Type of Movement:
movement of bone toward the midline
Adduction:
Type of Movement:
movement of distal end in a circle
Circumduction:
Type of Movement:
bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Rotation:
Type of Movement:
movement of the soles of the foot medially
Inversion:
Type of Movement:
movement of the soles of the foot laterally
Eversion:
Type of Movement:
bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)
Dorsiflexion:
Type of Movement:
bending the foot toward the plantar surface (standing on toes)
Plantarflexion:
