Strong and Weak Forms, weak vowels Flashcards

1
Q

Content words

A
  • nouns
  • lexical words
  • adjectives
  • adverbs
    => carry meaning
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2
Q

Function words

A
  • prepositions
  • primary auxiliary words
  • modal auxiliary words
  • determiner
  • pronouns
  • conjunction
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3
Q

Function words
- strong and weak forms

A

many function words (about 40) have strong and weak forms

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4
Q

Function words
- strong forms

A

used in isolation or when receiving emphasis

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4
Q

Function words
- strong forms

A

used in isolation or when receiving emphasis

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5
Q

Function words
- weak forms

A
  • used in connected speech
  • they include a reduced vowel (ə, unstressed i or u)
  • are never stressed
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6
Q

Strong forms are used when …

A

Strong forms are used in connected speech when …
- they occur in sentence-final position
- the function words are directly opposed/ contrasted
- the function word is emphasized
- the metalanguage is used (citing/ referring to a function word).

Weak forms are used otherwise!

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7
Q

Unstressed /i/

A
  • in word-final or morpheme-final position when the final i-sound is spelled as <y> or <ey></ey></y>
  • in unstressed prefixes like {re-}, {de-}, and {pre-} when followed by a vowel
  • in suffixes like <-iate>, <-ious> or <-ial> when they are pronounced as two syllables
  • in unstressed (function) words (such as he, she, we, me …)
  • in funtion words such as to, into when the next word starts with a vowel
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8
Q

Unstressed /u/

A
  • in a word before another vowel
  • in unstressed (function) words (such as you …)
  • in function words such as to, into when the next word starts with a vowel
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9
Q

the

A

strong form: /ði:/
weak form: /ðə, ði/

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10
Q

a, an

A

strong form: /eɪ, æn/
weak form: /ə, ən/

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11
Q

that

A

strong form: /ðæt/
weak form: /ðət/

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12
Q

but

A

strong form: /bʌt/
weak form: /bət/

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13
Q

and

A

strong form: /ænd/
weak form: /ənd, ən, n/

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14
Q

can, could

A

strong form: /kæn, kʊd/
weak form: /kən, kəd/

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15
Q

have, has, had

A

strong form: /hæv, hæz, hæd/
weak form: /həv, həz, həd/

16
Q

do, does

A

strong form: /du:, dʌz/
weak form: /du, də, dəz, dz/

17
Q

am, are, was, were

A

strong form: /æm, ɑ:, wɒz, wɜ:/
weak form: /əm, e, wəz, wə/

18
Q

at

A

strong form: /æt/
weak form: /ət/

19
Q

for

A

strong form: /fɔː/
weak form: /fə/

20
Q

from

A

strong form: /frɒm/
weak form: /frəm/

21
Q

of

A

strong form: /ɒv/
weak form: /əv/

22
Q

to

A

strong form: /tuː/
weak form: /tə tu/

23
Q

her

A

strong form: /hɜː/
weak form: /hə, ə/

24
Q

she, he, we, you

A

strong form: /ʃiː, hiː, wiː, juː/
weak form: /ʃi, hi, wi, ju/

25
Q

us

A

strong form: /ʌs/
weak form: /əs/

26
Q

them

A

strong form: /ðɛm/
weak form: /ðəm/