stroke pathology Flashcards
If a hemorrhage is within a membrane, what kind of hemorrhage is it?
Probably traumatic
Where are non traumatic brain hemorrhages usually located
brain parenchyma
Common causes of non traumatic brain hemorrhage
Chronic HTN, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (elderly)
Signs of hypertensive arteriosclerotic damage in brain
Perivascular space dilation, Lacunar infarcts, Hypertensive hemorrhage
Non atherosclerotic causes of hemorrhage
coagulopathy, aplastic anemia, bleed in tumor, infection, vascular malformation in nervous system
Types of vascular malformations in NS
With arteriovenous shunt: arteriovenous aneurysm or angioma. Without shunt arterial aneurysm, telangiectoses, cavernous hemangiomas or varices
What are hemorrhagic infarctions
A clot occludes blood vessel, causing infarction. The clot is then lysed (iatrogenic or spontaneous) and travels to more distal area. The dead tissue is reperfused and blood leaks from damaged parenchymal blood vessels into surrounding tissue. There are more vessels in gray matter than white matter, so more foci of hemorrage occur in necrotic gray matter than white.
what are lacunar infarctions
Small vessel syndromes (</= 1cm), causing hemiparesis or hemisensory loss. Seen in patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis
What kind of hemorrhage is seen in elderly
subdural- as the brain atrophies it pulls the veins which are more likely to bleed
Most common sits of hemorrhage from hypertension
lobes, basal ganglia, thalamus, pons, cerebellum
Most common site of aneurysm in brain
anterior communicating artery- anterior cerebral artery junction
