stroke, dvt and thrombosis Flashcards
what is ischemia?
its a reduction in blood supply
what does infarct mean?
its ischamic necrosis of a tissue
what happens if theres a prolonged reduction or cessation of blood flow?
- Neurodeficits lasting longer than 24 hours.
- Infarcted brain tissue that cannot be recovered
what are the the primary causes of ischamic stroke?
artherosclerosis/ hypoxia
what is a thrombotic stroke?
its when the brain blood flow is prevented by thrombosis of a cerebral vessel
what is an embolic stroke?
its when debris from elsewhere block the blood flow through cerebral vessel
what is a hypoxic stroke?
its when theres a decrease in blood flow to the brain e.g. due to cardiac arrest or respiratory failure
what is a haemorrhagic stroke?
its a prolonged reduction/ cessation in blood flow and causes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage
what is an intracerebral hemorrahge?
its bleeding into the brain parenchyma
what is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
its bleedign into the subarachnoid space
what’s the primary cause of a haemorrhagic stroke?
hypertension
what are the signs of a stroke?
what is venous thrombeoembolism?
what is a paradoxal stroke?
what is deep vein thrombosis?
what are the primary causes of deep vein thrombosis?
what is the widows triad?
what risk factors are included in venous stasis?
bed rest
long flights
pregnancy
what risk factors are involved in damaged blood vessels?
bad heart
infection
what risk factors are involved in hypercoagulation?
genetics
surgery
medications
what is primary homeostasis?
what treatments are there for thrombolytic disorders?
antiplatelets such as aspirin
anticoagulants
thrombolytics
what antiplatelet drugs are there for the treatment of thrombolytic disorders?
COX-1 inhibitors such as aspririn
- Irreversibly inhibit the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of thromboxane precursors.
- Reduces thromboxane, which is needed for platelet aggregation and activation.
ADP receptor inhibitors e.g. clopidogrel
- Metabolites interfere with platelet fucntion
what are anticoagulants?
they’re drugs that are anticlotting agents
what are thrombolytics? and what is an example of one?
theyre drugs used to treat strokes and are clot busters
an example is alteplase
why would you not want to give anticoagulants for stroke treatment
because it increases the risk of haemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke
how long do you have after a stroke until surgery is a better option to drugs?
3-4 hr window to give drugs to reverse the stoke, then you need to operate if no treatment has been given
give examples of thrombeolytics?
