Stroke Classification Flashcards
What are the two major types of stroke?
- Ischaemic
- Haemorrhagic
What % of strokes are ischaemic?
87%
What % of strokes are haemorrhagic?
13%
What is an ischaemic stroke?
Reduced blood supply to an area of the brain resulting in tissue hypoperfusion
What can be the underlying mechanisms leading to ischaemic stroke?
- Embolism
- Thrombosis
- Systemic hypoperfusion
- Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
How can an embolism cause ischaemic stroke?
Embolus from another part of the body (e.g. heart) obstructs a cerebral vessel resulting in hypoperfusion
What condition can commonly lead to embolic ischaemic stroke?
AF
How does thrombosis lead to ischaemic stroke?
Local formation of a blood clot in a cerebral vessel
What is the most common cause of thrombosis leading to ischaemic stroke?
Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque
How can systemic hypoperfusion lead to ischaemic stroke?
Systemic hypotension leads to reduced blood supply
When can systemic blood pressure drop low enough to cause systemic brain hypoperfusion leading to ischaemic stroke?
Cardiac arrest
How can cerebral venous sinus thrombosis lead to ischaemic stroke?
Blood clots form in the veins that drain the brain leading to congestion and hypoxia damaging brain tissue
When does haemorrhagic stroke occur?
When there is rupture of a blood vessel or abnormal vascular structure in the brain
What are the two subtypes of haemorrhagic stroke?
- Intracerebral haemorrhage
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
What is an intracerebral haemorrhage?
Bleeding within the brain itself secondary to ruptured blood vessel
What are the subtypes of intracerebral bleed?
- Intraparenchymal
- Intraventricular
What is intraparenchymal bleeding?
Bleeding in the brain tissue
What is intraventricular bleeding?
Bleeding in the brain ventricles