Cervical Spondylosis Flashcards
What is cervical spondylosis?
A non-specific degenerative process resulting in stenosis of the spinal canal, and /or root canals of the cervical vertebrae
What are the most commonly affected levels in cervical spondylosis?
- C5/6
- C6/7
How common is cervical spondylosis?
Very
How does cervical spondylosis progress with age?
It gets worse
What percentage of over 60’s are affected by cervical spondylosis?
> 85%
What factors are involved in the development of cervical spondylosis
- Dehydration of discs
- Osteophytes
- Hypertrophy of lamina, articular facets, ligamentum flavum, and posterior longitudinal ligament
- Congenitally narrowed canal
Why does dehydration of the intervertebral discs contribute to cervical spondylosis?
It allows for more bone-to-bone contact between the vertebrae
What causes spondylosis?
Years of constant abnormal pressure placed on the vertebrae and their discs
What can cause the factors causing cervical spondylosis?
- Joint subluxation
- Stress induced by sports
- Acute and/or repetitive trauma
- Poor posture
What does the body do as a result of abnormal pressure on the cervical vertebrae?
Produce new bone to compensate for the change in weight distribution
What are the risk factors for cervical spondylosis?
- Age
- Occupation
- Previous neck injuries
- Genetic factors
- Smoking
What symptoms do most people with cervical spondylosis experience?
None
What symptoms present in cervical spondylosis if any?
- Pain
- Stiffness
Where does pain occur in cervical spondylosis?
- Cervical pain
- Referred pain to occiput, between shoulder blades and upper limbs
- Retro-orbital or temporal pain*
*When does retro-orbital or temporal pain occur in cervical spondylosis?
When there is involvement of C1 and C2
What signs can be seen on examination in cervical spondylosis?
- Limited range of movement
- Minor neurological changes
- Poorly localised tenderness
What neck movements can be limited by cervical spondylosis?
- Forward flexion
- Backward extension
- Lateral flexion
- Rotation
What is an example of a minor neurological problem that can be seen in cervical spondylosis?
Inverted supinator jerks
What can cervical spondylosis sometimes do to the spinal canal?
Cause narrowing
What can happen as a result of the narrowing of the spinal canal sometimes seen in cervical spondylosis?
Pinching of the spinal cord or nerve roots
What is it called when there is pinching of the nerve roots or spinal cord due to spinal canal narrowing?
Radiculopathy