Stroke Flashcards
1
Q
What are the causes of stroke?
A
Haemorrhagic- 15%
Ischaemic- 85%
2
Q
What causes intra-cerebral haemorrhage?
A
Hypertension Rupture of an aneurysm or AVM Haemorrhagic necrosis (eg tumour, infection) Venous outflow obstruction (CVT) Trauma Altered haemostasis
3
Q
How does a haemorrhage cause brain damage?
A
Pressure of increasing amounts of blood Blood itself (blood is irritating to the brain tissue, causing it to swell)
4
Q
What are the types of ischaemic stroke?
A
- Small vessel disease
- Large vessel atherosclerosis
- Cardio embolic
- Cryptogenic (30%- highest)
- Other
5
Q
What is a penumbra?
A
An area around an occluded vessel where there are cell changes
6
Q
What are the risk factors of stroke?
A
- Age
- FHx
- HTN, DM, AF, Cardiac, carotid artery stenosis, sickle cell, dyslipidaemia
- Smoking
7
Q
What are the symptoms of stroke?
A
- FAST
- Aphasia, ataxia, weakness, visual deficit
- loss of functions
- Headache
- Arrhythmias
- Neck Stiffness
- Photophobia
- Sudden (haemorrhagic)
8
Q
What is the treatment of an ischaemic stroke?
A
- Alteplase then aspirin with possible endovascular intervention
PLUS supportive care/ VTE prophylaxis
9
Q
What is the treatment of a haemorrhagic stroke?
A
Surgery BP control Supportove care Admission to ICU or stroke unit Prophylaxis for DVT Correction of coagulopathy
10
Q
What does blood look like on a CT?
A
White
11
Q
What are the lobes of the brain?
A
Frontal- executive function/ motor
Temporal- hearing
Occipital- vision/ balance
Parietal- Sensation
