Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

What are the 3 types of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Answer 1

Pre Renal
Intrinsic Renal
Post Renal

Question 2

What are the types of Pre-Renal AKI?

Answer 2

Hypovolaemia, sepsis, renal artery stenosis, pancreatitis

Question 3

What are the types of Intrinsic Renal AKI?

Answer 3

Nephrotoxins
Myeloproliferative disorders/ autoimmune
Increased Calcium
Trauma
DM
Malignant Hypertension
(etc.)

Question 4

What are the post renal AKI types?

Answer 4

Malignancy
Luminal stones
Cardiac arrest
Recent vascular intervention

Question 5

What are the signs/symptoms of AKI?

Answer 5

Reduced Urine Output / eGFR
High serum creatinine

Systemic features (rash, joint pain, fever)
Productive cough/ haemoptysis

Palpable bladder/ kidneys/ masses
Renal bruits

Question 6

What investigations would you do for AKI?

Answer 6

Urine Dip (leuc/ nitr, blood/ protein)
Microscopy (casts, crystals, cells)
Cultures (blood and urine)
Bloods (U/E, CK, CRP/ESR, normals)
ABG (acid/base)
Renal US
CT KUB

Question 7

How do you manage AKI?

Answer 7

• Stop nephrotoxic drugs
• Deal with fluid balance
• Monitor obs
• Nutrition
• Treat underlying cause

Question 8

What are the complications of AKI?

Answer 8

• Hyperkalaemia
• Pulmonary Oedema
• Uraemia
• Acidaemia