Stroke Flashcards
What does the acronym FAST stand for?
Face, arms, speech, time
What are the three types of stoke?
Ischaemic, hemorrhagic, transient ischaemic stroke
What is an ischaemic stroke?
Clot blocking a blood vessel
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
When a blood vessel ruptures causing a bleed in the brain
How can you prevent a stroke?
- lowering BP
- stop smoking
- lowering cholesterol
- being active
- eating healthy
- limit alcohol
- controlling diabetes
What are the nursing assessments for taking care of a patient who had a stoke?
- current situation
- history of similar symptoms
- current medications
- risk factors
- associated illness such as hypertension
- family history of stroke
What are the diagnostic steps for ischaemic stroke?
- CT scan to confirm is a patient had a stroke
- interventional radiology: IV i fusion of a thrombolytic agent
- clot retrieval: spring, aspiration, special catheter
What is the diagnostic treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke?
- CT scan to confirm the stroke
- find point of bleeding
- insert catheter to femoral artery-inject a dye that shows up on xray to find point of bleeding
- coil is inserter to fill up bleeding point: patient might be discharged after overnight
- bursted vessel: operation needed, metal clip placed on bleeding point, pt might need to stay for 3 days
What are the relevant FHP for early recovery of stroke patients?
- activity: foot drop & R) parathesia
- nutrition: difficulty swallowing, anosmia (smell)
- cognition(perceptual): aphasia, word salad
- elimination: constipation, urinary incontinence
- health perception& management
What nursing management for nutrition should take place?
-assess swallowing within 72 hours of admission, spatial and perceptual deficits, assistive devises, referral to speech therapist
What nursing management for activity should take place?
-good moving technique, posterior leg splints to prevent foot drop, VTE prevention-graduated stockings, intermittent calf compression
What nursing management for cognition (perceptual) should take place?
L) sided stroke: non verbal cues & instructions, Hemanopia, put food in sight, neglect syndrome, ptosis, diploplia
What nursing management for elimination should take place?
Prophylactic stool softeners or fibre, physical activity promotes bowel function, bowel retraining
What nursing management for health promotion and management should take place?
Pt understands regular BP screening & adherence to anticoagulant & antiplatelet, increase exercise, reduce alcohol & smoking, educate about early symptoms of TIA or stroke
What is aspirin for?
Antiplatelet and antiinflammatory
What is clopidogrel for?
Inhibit role of ADP in platelet aggregation
What is dipyrimadole?
Reduce platelet adhesiveness, potentiates effects of aspirin, vasodilator properties
What is warfarin for?
Interfered with vitamin K, which is necessary for clotting factors
Rovaroxaban
Inhibit factor Xa in coagulation cascade
What is dabigatran?
Competitive inhibitor of thrombin
What is labetelol
Reduces blood pressure
What is lisinopril for?
To reduce blood pressure
What is enapril for?
An ACE inhibitor- essential for hypertension
What is betaloc for?
A beta blocker
What are the two specific medications for hemorrhagic stroke?
Enapril and prinivil, both ACE inhibitors
What is an antiplatelet
Reduce platelet aggregation & inhibit thrombus function, reduce formation fo blood clots
What is an anticoagulant?
Reduce blood to coagulate and clotting time. Inhibit coagulation cascade after initial platelet aggregation
What is an antihypertensive?
To reduce blood presseure
Two examples of anti-platelet and anti-coagulation
Antiplatelet- clopidogrel & dipyrimadole
Anticoagulant: rivaroxaban & dabigatran
