Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Supporting life block > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the aetiology of stroke

A
  • 85% ischemic

- 15% haemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causal factors in intracerebral haemorrhage?

A 
Anatomical factors:
-small vessel disease; amyloid angiopathy, AVMs
Haemodynamic factors:
- hypertension
Haemostatic factors: 
-anticoagulants; anti-platelets; thrombolytics 
Other factors:
-Recreational drugs, vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is amyloid angiopathy?

A
  • Amyloid deposition in cortical artery muscle layers
  • Typically causes: lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ICH at grey/white matter border
  • prone to recurrence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which patients require an URGENT brain scan?

A
  • Unconscious
  • deteriorating conscious level
  • on anticoagulants
  • presentation within thrombolysis window of opportunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different causes of ischemic stroke?

A
  • AF
  • Flow reducing carotid stenosis
  • Penetrating artery disease
  • Valve disease
  • Left ventricular thrombi
  • Cardiogenic emboli
  • Carotid plaque with arteriogenic emboli
  • Intracranial atherosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the cortical branches of the MCA supply?

What are the exceptions ?

A
  • The cortical branches of the MCA supply the lateral surface of the hemisphere
  • Except for the medial part of the frontal & parietal lobe ( anterior cerebral artery) and the inferior part of the temporal lobe&occipital lobe ( posterior cerebral artery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the importance of Wernicke’s area in the brain?

A

comprehension of speech; language development; sensory area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the importance of Broca’s area in development?

A

controls motor function in the production of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What may be the presentation of a lesion in a large vessel- ACA territory

A

ACA= anterior cerebral artery

  • Contralateral hemiparesis: leg more than arm/face
  • Cortical signs: emotional changes; dysphasia( left anterior cerebral artery- Broca’s area)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What may a patient with a lesion in the MCA territory present with?

A

-Contralateral hemiparesis: arm/face more than leg
-Contralateral hemisensory loss
-Cortical signs:
Contralateral hemianopia
Contralateral hemineglect
Dysphasia (left MCA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What may a patient with a lesion in the PCA territory present with?

A
  • Contralateral hemianopia

- Contralateral hemineglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What may a patient with a lesion in the Vertebrobasilar territory present with?

A
  • Nausea & Vomiting
  • Diplopia
  • Vertigo & nystagmus
  • Ataxia
  • Hemi/quadriplegia
  • Visual field defect
  • Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes Lacunar stroke/ lacunar infacrt (LACI) ?

A
  • It is the most common type of ischaemic stroke
  • results from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brain’s deep structures.
  • It is in n deep non-cortical white matter or the brainstem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may someone with lacunar stroke present with?

A
  • No cortical features
  • Pure hemiparesis
  • Pure hemisensory loss
  • Sensorimotor stroke
  • Ataxic hemiparesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the characteristics of transient ischemic attacks?

A

TIAs are:

  • Characterised by an acute loss of focal cerebral or monocular function
  • Symptoms lasting less than 24 hours
  • Due to inadequate cerebral/ocular blood supply
  • Result of arterial thrombosis or embolism (artery, cardiac, haematological disease)
  • Clinical diagnosis without specific diagnostic test
  • Rely on constellation of clinical features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the causes of transient focal neurological attacks?

A
  • Focal cerebral ischaemia ie TIA
  • Migraine aura (with/without headache)
  • Partial (focal) epilepsy
  • Labyrinthine disturbances
  • Meniere’s disease
  • BPPV
  • Benign recurrent vertigo
  • Labyrinthitis/vestibular neuronitis
  • Transient global amnesia (TGA)
  • Multiple sclerosis
17
Q

Outline the characteristics of an epileptic attack

A

-Focal sudden positive sensory or motor phenomena
-Spread quickly to adjacent body parts over ± 1
minute
-Versus TIA where tingling will arise in affect parts of
the body at the same time
-Migraine is over minutes
-May be focal jerking
-Altered awareness

18
Q

What is a positive Babinski reflex

A
  • aka extensor plantar reflex
  • Normal response= flexor planar reflex
  • This reflex happens upon stroking the sole of the foot
  • May be indicative or nerve disease or damage
  • May be accompanied by fanning (of the foot
19
Q

What is the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

A
  • Aka National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

- A tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke

20
Q

What are intermittent pneumatic compression devices?

A
  • IPC devices are used to help prevent DVT of the legs
  • The devices use cuffs around the legs that fill with air& squeeze your legs
  • This increases blood flow through the veins of your legs and prevents thrombosis.
21
Q

Outline the treatment options for acute stroke

A
  • TPA: ‘clot buster medicine’; dissolves clot

- THROMBECTOMY:minimally invasive for larger clots

22
Q

How can medication be used to prevent stroke

A
  • Aspirin to reduce chance of clotting

- Blood thinners for people with abnormal heart rhythms eg AF

23
Q

How can we diagnose stroke

A
  • CT scan(can show where blood flow is blocked)

- Flair MRI(can distinguish a new stroke injury from an old one)

Supporting life block (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions