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PSY345 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

brainstem

A

important functions

  • Heart rate
  • breathing
  • consciousness
  • ANS
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2
Q

cerebellum

A

controls and coordinates balance and fine muscle movement

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3
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • motor cortex
  • judgement
  • inhibition
  • personality
  • emotions
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4
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • sensory processing

- orientation

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5
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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6
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • arbitrary perception

- memory formation (LTM - face recognition)

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7
Q

what is a stroke?

A

interruption of blood supply to the brain

interruption can cause cell death to areas no longer receiving oxygen and glucose
- can affect different areas in the brain

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8
Q

ischemic stroke

A

blockage that DISRUPTS blood flow to the brain (most common)

  • different types:

> cerebral thrombosis
cerebral embolism
systemic hypoperfusion

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9
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A
  • blood clot in major artery of the brain
  • area affected called an infarction (dead cells)
  • ‘thrombotic stroke’
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10
Q

cerebral embolism

A
  • blood clot in different area of the body but travels up to the brain
  • usually linked to atherosclerosis (build up of plaque - fatty materials, scar tissue or calcium) - blood clots form where plaques rupture
  • clot area = donor site
  • where it affects = recipient site
  • ‘embolic stroke’
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11
Q

systemic hypoperfusion

A
  • general reduction in blood flow to the brain caused by issues with the heart (cardiac output)
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12
Q

haemorrhagic stroke

A
  • less common, more severe
  • brain can swell until it presses against skull
  • damage to a blood vessel that bursts (lack of oxygen and nutrients)
  • can occur from an artery bursting deep within the brain (epidermal)
  • can occur from bleeding at the surface of the brain
    (subarachnoid)
    common defects include aneurysms (weak areas in blood vessel wall that balloon and burst under pressure and malformations of blood vessels from birth)
  • different types:

> intracerebral haemorrhage
subarachnoid haemorrhage
- epidural haemorrhage and subdural haemorrhage

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13
Q

intracerebral haemorrhage

A
  • blood vessel damage deep inside the brain
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14
Q

subarachnoid haemorrhage and epidural haemorrhage

A
  • blood vessel bursts in subarachnoid space (between skull and brain)
  • subarachnoid haemorrhage = blood filling the space in between the skull and brain
  • epidermal haemorrhage = bleed in one area of subarachnoid space that extends into the brain
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15
Q

transient ischemic attack

A
  • temporary loss of blood supply to the brain
  • blood clot dissolves itself
  • symptoms < 24h
  • often happen before more severe strokes
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16
Q

Areas of damage (AoD)

A
  • cerebrum (left and right hemisphere)
  • motor cortex or primary somatosensory cortex
  • brain stem
  • Wernicke’s area (40% of people develop language problems after stroke)
  • Brocca’s area
  • occipital lobe
  • cerebellum
  • sudden severe headache
17
Q

AoD

cerebrum (right hemisphere)

A
  • weakness/paralysis (left side of body)
  • cognitive problems (reading, talking, thinking, learning, remembering new information)

(in general - less common but can cause issues with orientation and balance)

18
Q

AoD

cerebrum (left hemisphere)

A
  • weakness/paralysis (right side of body, ignore things on left side of body [contralateral neglect])
  • vision
  • depth perception
  • ST memory loss
  • judgement

(in general - less common but can cause issues with orientation and balance)

19
Q

AoD

Brain stem

A
  • not very common
  • affects core functions (breathing, heart function, swallowing)
  • usually beyond recovery
20
Q

AoD

Motor cortex or Primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • numbness in face/arm/leg (somatosensory cortex - key for feeling e.g. change in sensation when damaged)
  • weakness in face/leg/arm (motor cortex - controls bodies movement)
  • affects contralateral side
21
Q

AoD

Wernicke’s area

A
  • junction of temporal and parietal lobe
  • understanding what people are saying
  • also used to produce specific meaningful speech

= poor comprehension and use of words to express what you actually mean

22
Q

AoD

Brocca’s area

A
  • frontal lobe
  • fluid speech production

= slow and poorly structures speech

23
Q

AoD

Occipital lobe

A
  • vision loss

- contralateral damage

24
Q

AoD

cerebellum

A
  • sudden dizziness or loss of balance and coordination
  • damage to cerebellum or blockage in 3 main arteries that feed cerebellum
  • major coordinator of movement
  • less common than cerebrum

= uncoordinated and lack of precision in movement, dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting

25
Q

AoD

bursting blood vessel in the brain

A
  • sudden severe headache with no known cause

- common in a haemorrhagic stroke

26
Q

blood supply in the brain

A
  • brain contains specialised cells (glial cells)
  • blood supply in brain is broken down into anterior blood vessels (front) and posterior blood vessels (back)
  • arteries come together to form the circle of willis
  • different arteries supply different areas
27
Q

how much oxygen and cardiac output does the brain use?

A
  • brain uses 20% of oxygen and 15% of cardiac output
28
Q

how is blood supply in the brain broken down?

A
  • blood supply in brain is broken down into anterior blood vessels (front) and posterior blood vessels (back)
29
Q

what do the arteries in the brain form?

A

circle of willis

  • contains important blood vessels that feed the brain including middle cerebral artery

PSY345 (11 decks)

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