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3 Ageing > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

define stroke

A

rapidly developing symptoms/signs of loss of brain function with symptoms lasting over 24hrs

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2
Q

strokes cause pain in their early stages T or F

A

F

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3
Q

Hx q’s for stroke

A

time of onset symptoms before and now progression

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4
Q

what symptoms would indicate an acute onset of stroke?

A

asymmetric facial/arm/leg weakness speech disturbance visual field defect

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5
Q

stroke is not a diagnosis T or F

A

T

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6
Q

2 main types of stroke

A

haemorrhage infarct

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7
Q

4 main causes of infarct stroke

A

atheroembolic small vessel cardioembolic (clots from heart) other

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8
Q

most common main type of stroke

A

infarct

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9
Q

3 causes of haemorrhagic stroke?

A

structural abnormality eg tumour hypertensive amyloid angiopathy

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10
Q

what conditions can cause small vessel infarct stroke

A

diabetes CVD cholesterol

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11
Q

you can differentiate between a haemorrhagic or infarct stroke T or F

A

F, need imaging

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12
Q

blood looks __ on imaging

A

white

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13
Q

how would you identify an infarct stroke on imaging

A

hypoattenuation (dark changes) appears swollen/smudgy

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14
Q

1st line imaging for a stroke

A

CT

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15
Q

define TIA

A

loss of brain function lasting <24hrs, usually only an hour

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16
Q

how would you assess TIA straight away

A

history carotid imaging ECG blood tests

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17
Q

why would you do carotid imaging in a suspected stroke/TIA?

A

see if they have carotid stenosis

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18
Q

why would you do blood tests in a suspected stroke/TIA

A

check cholesterol glucose for underlying diabetes

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19
Q

Tx for carotid stenosis

A

carotid endarterectomy

20
Q

immediate drug management of stroke/TIA?

A

antiplatelets to stop thrombotic process statin

21
Q

management of an acute stroke

A

thrombolysis/thrombectomy imaging swallow assessment (risk of aspirating) nutrition/hydration antiplatelets + statin if infarct DVT prevention

22
Q

an infarct in the left side of the brain causes a __ sided weakness

A

right

23
Q

where is the abnormality here?

what kind of stroke is it?

A

left side of the brain around the middle

ischaemic stroke

24
Q

name the drug and dose used for antiplatelet cover in stroke

A

aspirin 300mg

25
Q

why is CT done?

A

to exclude a bleed

26
Q

if antiplatelets cannot be given PO, how should they be delivered?

A

NG tube first then PR if still cant

27
Q

DVT prophylaxis

A

stockings (pneumatic compression)

LMWH

28
Q

if swallow screen is abnormal what is then done

A

assessment by speech and language therapist

29
Q

within what timeframe should a swallow screen be done?

A

4hrs of arrival

30
Q

if patient can’t swallow what should be given

A
  1. NG tube

2, PEG tube

31
Q

secondary prevention of stroke

A

lifestyle changes

rehab

carotid surgery

antiplatelets if not cardioembolic

statins

anticoagulants if cardioembolic

32
Q

Ix for stroke

A

CT

MRI

carotid scan (only looks at neck)

angiogram

24hr ECG

ECHO

33
Q

what colour is a fibrin dependent thrombus?

A

red

34
Q

what colour is a platelet dependent thrombus?

A

white (plates are white)

35
Q

a cardioembolic stroke is ___ dependent

an atheroembolic stroke is __ dependent

A

fibrin

platelet

36
Q

is AF cardioembolic or atheroembolic

A

cardioembolic

37
Q

AF raises risk of what type of stroke?

A

iscahemic

38
Q

first line antiplatelet for non-acute stroke

A

clopidogrel

39
Q

how can you work out someone’s stroke risk if they’ve got AF?

A

CHA2DS2VASC score

40
Q

maximum CHA2DS2VASC score?

A

9

41
Q

a patient with AF who gets a VASC score of 0 should be given prophylactic anticoagulation T or F

A

F

42
Q

AF patient with 1 VASC risk factor should get aspirin T or F

A

F, OAC preferred eg apixaban

43
Q

aspirin is as bad as warfarin for bleeding T or F

A

T

44
Q

what drug should never be used to treat cardioembolic stroke?

A

aspirin!

45
Q

worst type of stroke

A

total anterior circulation stroke

46
Q
A

3 Ageing (9 decks)

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