Ageing Process

Question 1

the fewer the stem cells the __ replication

Answer 1

less

Question 2

what is a telomere?

Answer 2

the end part of each chromosome arm

Question 3

what DNA sequence in humans forms a DNA loop?

Answer 3

TTAGGG

Question 4

what happens to the DNA loop in ageing?

Answer 4

progressively shortens and eventually becomes too short to sustain cell replication

Question 5

telomere length is a marker of biological age T or F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

a lack of what enzyme causes telomeres to break down?

Answer 6

telomerase

Question 7

causes of damage to macromolecules

Answer 7

ionising radiation
ROS
extrinsic toxins

Question 8

4 main cellular responses to damage

Answer 8

repair
apoptosis
senescence
malignant transformation

Question 9

___ cells lack energy after reproduction, whereas the ___ cells have more

Answer 9

somatic

reproductive

Question 10

define cellular senescence

Answer 10

when cells cease to divide

Question 11

define frailty

Answer 11

unintentional weight loss
low grip strength
exhaustion
low physical activity
slow walking speed

Question 12

how does molecular and cellular damage cause frailty?

Answer 12

reduces the body’s physiological reserve causing disease -> low physical activity and poor nutrition

Question 13

another word for co-morbidity

Answer 13

multimorbidity

Question 14

define multimorbidity

Answer 14

have >3 chronic conditions