Stroke Flashcards
Tia?
-temporary impairment is brain function due to insufficient b.s
Clot prevents blood flow to Brain
Ischaemic stroke
Blood vessels become damaged - trauma or hypertension, aneurysm , vascular malformation,
These can all rupture!
Blood is prevented from reaching the brain cells beyond the point of rupture leading to hypoxia.
mass effect can damage tissue due to pressure
Intracerebral haemorrage
Mass effect?:
raised Inter Cranial Pressure
resulting in a pushing over of brain tissue to one side
A type of intracerebral haemorrhage: bleeding from a damaged vessel causes blood to accumulate in the subarachnoid space.
Sub arach haem
Can be due to aneurysm , trauma, a.v.m
Bleeding from a damaged vessel accumulates in sub arach space
haem that often occurs in Circle of Willis
Thunder clap headache and photophobia
Sub arach haem
Diffuse axonal injury?
Trauma only -complex
Fast - stroke
Face, arms, speech, time and possible visual field defect
Hemiparesis
One sided muscle weakness
Ataxic gait?
Unsteady gait
Dysarthria
’ Speech muscles motor defect
Nice guidelines stroke
To reduce burden of disease, share knowledge , increase positive outcomes
Why use Ct in stroke?
’ Inexpensive, widely available, fast, quick . results,
Ill defined wedge of hypodensity
Affecting grey and white matter
Effacement of sulci+ ventricle
Midline shift from swelling-masseffect
Acute ischaemic infarct
Chronic ischemic infarct appearance
Well-defined low attenuation - dark
CST has filled the space where tissue has died
Less tissue means expansion of ventricle
Grey + white matter
Appearance of Acute intracerebal haemorrage
Hyper dense area surrounded by brain tissue
Possible rim of hypo dense oedema
Mass effect _ ventricle effacement + midline shift
Possible intraventricalor extension
Over time encephalomalacia appears as hypodense area
A blood clot formed within a vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin
Thrombus
A mass, such as an air bubble, detached blood clot, or foreign body, that travels in the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel, thus serving to obstruct or occlude such a vessel.
Embolus:
: Shutting off or obstruction
Occlusion
….occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, Either due to the occlusion or rupture of a blood vessel supplying or within the brain…called a ..
cerebral infarct/stroke/Cerebro Vascular Accident o
the three stroke types are….
ischemic-clot occludes artery-80%
Intracerebral haem-bleeding into brain
Sub-Arach-bleeding around brain
occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain’s venous sinuses.
This prevents blood from draining out of the brain.
As a result, blood cells may break and leak blood into the brain tissues, forming a hemorrhage.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)
Vascular occlusion may be caused by
Thrombus
Embolism
General decrease in blood supply e.g. shock
Trauma only strokes=
extradural, subdural, contusion, diffuse axonal injury
Spontaneous AND trauma bleeds
sub arach, intracerebral
Acute ishaemic infarcts appearance?
Acute HYPODENSE ill defined.
Hypodensity of cell death!
Chronic ischaemic infarct appearance?
WELL DEFINED hypo density of long dead cells And infiltration of CSF
Less common acute intracerebral haemorrhage appearance ?
Intracerebral Acute hyperdense blood.
