stress & strain Flashcards
external force acting to deform the material, measures the INTENSITY of the force
stress
magnitude of deformation as a result of the applied stress/loading, measure of DEGREE of DEFORMATION
strain
when deformation is ____ it can still return, but if it is ___, the deformation is permanent and leads to failure
elastic
plastic
three other qualities represented by each curve on a stress/strain graph
strength
ductility
toughness
the maximum stress a tissue can withstand without permanent deformation
strength
__ strength is the stress AT the yield point of a material beyond which, PERMANENT deformation will occur
yield
___ strength is the max stress that a material can WITHSTAND PRIOR to the INITIATION of failure
ultimate
___ strength is the stress at which the material actually breaks or ruptures
failure
force per unit area req to deform material, represented by stress/strain curve slope STEEPNESS
ductility
___ tissues fail at low stress but withstand a large strain, shown by a SHALLOW slope
ductile
__ tissues can withstand high stress but fail with relatively low strain, shown with a STEEP slope
brittle
the total ENERGY req to cause material failure, which is estimated by the total area under the stress/strain curve
toughness
structure with high strength, low ductility, low toughness
bone
structure with moderate strength and ductility, high toughness
tendon
structure with low strength, high ductility, moderate toughness
ligament
ability to return to orig shape when load is removed
elasticity
point at which the applied stress can lead to PERM deform
yield point
the nonlinear response of the material after the yield point, some degree of deform will persist after removal of stress
plastic region
- property of materials to resist loads that produce SHEAR or TENSILE forces
- stretch of this type refers to putt-like behavior
viscosity
____ materials are affected by both the rate of loading and the length of time that its subjected to a constant load
viscoelastic
three time dependent loading characteristics that viscoelastic structures will show
creep
hysteresis
relaxation
